海南黎母山景区天蛾科昆虫多样性研究

Diversity of Sphingidae insects in Limu Mountain Scenic Area, Hainan

摘要

目前对海南热带雨林国家公园关键生态单元--黎母山景区天蛾科昆虫多样性的研究仍缺乏定点、连续且标准化的监测，其群落结构与时空动态特征尚不明确。为弥补这一不足，本研究于 2023 年 10 月至 2024 年 9 月，采用夜间灯诱法（19:00-06:00），对黎母山景区天蛾科昆虫进行了系统监测。结果表明，共记录到黎母山景区天蛾科昆虫 3 亚科 29 属 47 种。其中，长喙天蛾亚科为优势亚科（24 种，占 51.06%），其次为目天蛾亚科（17 种，占 36.17%）和天蛾亚科（6 种，占 12.76%），伪葡萄缺角天蛾（15.41%）、锯线拟缺角天蛾（10.53%）和中线天蛾（10.15%）为主要优势种，且捕获个体以雄性为主。时间格局分析表明，成虫飞行期主要集中于 3-8 月，夜间趋光活动高峰出现在 21:00-次日 03:00，该时段个体数占总数的 65.23%。区系成分以东洋界为主体，与华中区和西南区的共有种比例较高，反映出毗邻地理单元间的物种渗透及热带-亚热带区系过渡特征。本研究初步揭示了黎母山景区天蛾科昆虫的多样性组成及时空活动规律，强调了该区域在生物多样性保护中的重要性，为海南热带雨林国家公园的生物多样性监测与管理提供了基础数据支撑。

Abstract

Current research on the diversity of Sphingidae insects in Limushan Scenic Area, a key ecological unit of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, still lacks fixed-point, continuous, and standardized monitoring, and the community structure and spatiotemporal dynamics of these insects remain unclear. To address this gap, a systematic monitoring of Sphingidae insects in the Limushan Scenic Area was conducted from October 2023 to September 2024 by using nocturnal light trapping (19:00–06:00 the next day). A total of 47 species of Sphingidae insects were recorded, belonging to 29 genera across three subfamilies. Among them, the Macroglossinae subfamily was the dominant group (24 species, accounting for 51.06%), followed by Smerinthinae (17 species, 36.17%) and Sphinginae (6 species, 12.76%). The main dominant species were Acosmeryx pseudoenodonta (15.41%), Pseudoclanis postica (10.53%), and Clanis bilineata (10.15%), with captured individuals predominantly male. Temporal pattern analysis indicated that adult flight activity primarily occurred from March to August, and that nocturnal phototaxis activity peaked between 21:00 and 03:00, accounting for 65.23% of the total individuals collected. The fauna composition was predominantly Oriental, with a high proportion of species shared with Central and Southwest China, reflecting species exchange between adjacent geographical units and the transitional characteristics of tropical–subtropical fauna. These findings preliminarily reveal the diversity composition and spatiotemporal activity patterns of Sphingidae insects in the Limushan Scenic Area, highlight the importance of this region in biodiversity conservation, and provide foundational data for the biodiversity monitoring and management of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

关键词

海南热带雨林国家公园 / 天蛾科 / 黎母山 / 物种多样性 / 时空格局 / 趋光节律

Key words

Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park / Sphingidae / Limushan / species diversity / spatiotemporal pattern / phototactic rhythm

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基金资助

海南省森林、湿地生态系统外来入侵物种普查项目(RH2300001495)