海南热带雨林国家公园山兰稻特色产业发展路径探析

Analysis of the development path of Shanlan rice industry in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

摘要

在全球气候治理与生物多样性保护背景下，协调生态保护与社区生计发展已成为亟待破解的现实命题。本研究以海南热带雨林国家公园琼中片区为田野场域，综合运用半结构访谈、问卷调查、水土采样与统计分析等方法，系统剖析山兰稻特色产业的资源禀赋、运行实况与支撑体系。研究发现，该产业虽在种质保护、规模种植、品牌注册及生态补偿等方面取得阶段性突破，但仍深陷“高收入、低利润”的经济困境，科技支撑薄弱、生态保护与产业发展脱节、社区参与及利益共享机制缺失等结构性制约突出。基于此，从科技赋能、价值链提升、政策协同、主体培育 4 个维度构建山兰稻产业提升路径，为生态敏感区特色农业可持续发展提供本土化样本。

Abstract

Under the context of global climate governance and biodiversity conservation, coordinating ecological protection and community livelihoods has become an urgent practical challenge to address. This study takes the Qiongzhong area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as the field site, and employs a combination of semi-structured interview, questionnaires, soil and water sampling, and statistical analysis to systematically examine the resource endowments, operational status and supporting system of Shanlan rice specialty industry. The study found that although the industry has achieved breakthroughs in germplasm conservation, large-scale cultivation, brand registration, and ecological compensation, it remains trapped in the economic dilemma of "high revenue yet low profit", with prominent structural constraints such as weak technological support, disconnection between ecological protection and industrial development, and lack of community participation and benefit-sharing mechanism. Accordingly, this study proposes an industrial upgrading pathway for Shanlan rice through technological empowerment, value chain enhancement, policy synergy, and stakeholder cultivation, offering a localized model for sustainable specialty agriculture development in ecologically sensitive areas.

关键词

山兰稻 / 海南热带雨林国家公园 / 特色产业 / 可持续发展

Key words

Shanlan rice / Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park / specialized industry / sustainable development

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基金资助

2025 年度海南省哲学社会科学规划课题(HNSK(YB)25-01)

海南省自然科学基金面上项目(726MS0114)