海南杧果细菌性坏死病病原菌鉴定

Identification of the pathogen causing mango bacterial necrosis disease in Hainan

摘要

杧果作为中国重要的热带水果，在海南农业经济中占据关键地位。近年来，海南杧果产业因细菌性病害而受到严重危害。2025 年 4-5 月，对海南省昌江、东方、乐东及三亚等主要杧果产区开展了细菌性病害的调查和病样采集。结果显示，除已知的细菌性黑斑病外，还存在细菌性坏死病的危害。通过对分离菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化测定、基于16S rRNA、fusA、leuS、pyrG、rplB 和 rpoB 基因的多位点系统发育分析，并结合科赫氏法则进行致病性验证，在 10 个分离菌株中有 5 株被鉴定为分散泛菌（Pantoea dispersa），确认为引起杧果细菌性坏死病病原菌。该病害在海南杧果上属首次报道，这对当地杧果产业的病害科学防控提供了重要依据。

Abstract

As an important tropical fruit in China, mango holds a critical position in Hainan's agricultural economy. In recent years, the threat posed by bacterial diseases to local mango production has been increasingly severe. Field surveys were conducted from April to May 2025 in the major-producing areas of Hainan Province, including Changjiang, Dongfang, Ledong, and Sanya, and symptomatic samples were collected to perform pathogen isolation and identification. The surveys showed that, in addition to the known bacterial black spot disease, bacterial necrosis was also present. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, fusA, leuS, pyrG, rplB, and rpoB gene sequences, and pathogenicity tests following Koch’s postulates showed five out of ten isolated strains from the symptomatic samples were identified as Pantoea dispersa, confirming their role as the causal agent of mango bacterial necrosis disease. This disease is reported for the first time to infect mango in Hainan, which provides an important basis for the prevention and control of the disease in the local mango industry.

关键词

海南省 / 杧果细菌性坏死病 / 泛菌属 / 科赫氏法则

Key words

Hainan province / mango bacterial necrosis disease / Pantoea genus / Koch's postulates

参考文献

[1] 张克非. 攀枝花芒果产业现状[J]. 农村实用技术, 2023(6): 9-10.

[2] 郑素芳, 张岳恒. 海南芒果产业链现状研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2011, 32(2): 75-80. https://doi.org/10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20110215

[3] Doidge E M. A bacterial disease of the mango. Bacillus mangiferae n.sp. [J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 1915, 2(1): 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1915.tb05424.x

[4] Ah-You N, Gagnevin L, Grimont P A D, et al. Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas [J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2009, 59(Pt 2): 306-318. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65453-0

[5] Cazorla F M, Torés J A, Olalla L, et al. Bacterial apical necrosis of mango in Southern Spain: a disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae [J]. Phytopathology®, 1998, 88(7): 614-620. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.7.614

[6] 漆艳香, 蒲金基, 张欣, 等. 杧果树生黄单胞叶斑病病原的鉴定[J]. 果树学报, 2011, 28(4): 645-650. https://doi.org/10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2011.04.006

[7] Liu F, Zhan R L, He Z Q. First report of bacterial dry rot of mango caused by Sphingomonas sanguinis in China [J]. Plant Disease, 2018, 102(12): 2632. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0589-PDN

[8] 何忠勤, 柳凤, 詹儒林, 等. 杧果细菌性干枯病病原菌的分离与鉴定[J]. 中国南方果树, 2019, 48(3): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20180403

[9] Gutiérrez-Barranquero J A, Cazorla F M, Torés J A, et al. First report of Pantoea ananatis causing necrotic symptoms in mango trees in the Canary Islands, Spain [J]. Plant Disease, 2019, 103(5): 1017. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-18-1903-PDN

[10] Gutiérrez-Barranquero J A, Cazorla F M, Torés J A, et al. Pantoea agglomerans as a new etiological agent of a bacterial necrotic disease of mango trees [J]. Phytopathology, 2019, 109(1): 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-18-0186-R

[11] Chen X L, Sun Q L, Tang L H, et al. First report of bacterial necrosis caused by Pantoea vagans in mango in China [J]. Plant Disease, 2023, 107(6): 1935. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-22-1950-PDN

[12] 林航航, 赵昕宇, 王林惠, 等. 芒果细菌性角斑病的防治技术研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2024, 40(6): 1439-1446. https://doi.org/10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.070

[13] Han Z Y, Zheng H Y, Lin Y Q, et al. First report of bacterial dieback of mango caused by Dickeya fangzhongdai in China [J]. Plant Disease, 2025, 109(9): 1983. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0587-PDN

[14] Heuer H, Krsek M, Baker P, et al. Analysis of actinomycete communities by specific amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA and gel-electrophoretic separation in denaturing gradients[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1997, 63(8): 3233-3241. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.8.3233-3241.1997

[15] Parkinson N, Devos P, Pirhonen M, et al. Dickeya aquatica sp. nov., isolated from waterways [J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2014, 64(Pt 7): 2264-2266. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.058693-0

[16] Tian Y L, Zhao Y Q, Chen X Z, et al. Evidence for a novel phylotype of Pseudomonas syringae causing bacterial leaf blight of cantaloupe in China [J]. Plant Disease, 2017, 101(10): 1746-1752. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0110-RE

[17] 陈小林, 孙秋玲, 黄穗萍, 等. 广西芒果细菌性坏死病病原菌鉴定[J]. 植物保护, 2024, 50(1): 69-76. https://doi.org/10.16688/j.zwbh.2022772

[18] Beveridge T J. Use of the Gram stain in microbiology[J]. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 2001, 76(3): 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/bih.76.3.111.118

[19] Schaad N W, Jones J B, Chun W. 植物病原细菌鉴定实验指导[M].

[20] 赵廷昌, 译. 3 版. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2011.

[21] Walterson A M, Stavrinides J. Pantoea: insights into a highly versatile and diverse genus within the Enterobacteriaceae [J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2015, 39(6): 968-984. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv027

[22] Morales-Valenzuela G, Silva-Rojas H V, Ochoa-Martínez D, et al. First report of Pantoea agglomerans causing leaf blight and vascular wilt in maize and sorghum in Mexico [J]. Plant Disease, 2007, 91(10): 1365. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1365A

[23] Barash I, Manulis-Sasson S. Recent evolution of bacterial pathogens: the gall-forming Pantoea agglomerans case [J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2009, 47: 133-152. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081803

[24] Toh W K, Loh P C, Wong H L. First report of leaf blight of rice caused by Pantoea ananatis and Pantoea dispersa in Malaysia [J]. Plant Disease, 2019, 103(7): 1764. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-18-2299-PDN

[25] Mansfield J, Genin S, Magori S, et al. Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology[J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2012, 13(6): 614-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.x

[26] Gevers D, Cohan F M, Lawrence J G, et al. Re-evaluating prokaryotic species[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005, 3(9): 733-739. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1236

基金资助

海南省芒果产业技术体系专项(HNARS-07-G03)