海南热带雨林国家公园生态产品供给能力研究

Study on the supply capacity of ecological products in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest

摘要

海南热带雨林国家公园是中国唯一的岛屿型热带雨林保护区，具有极高的生物多样性和关键生态功能，也是全球极危物种海南长臂猿（Nomascus hainanus）的唯一栖息地。文章基于森林生态量清技术方法体系，整合森林资源连续清查、森林生态连清及社会公共数据，从生态产品物质量和价值量两个维度系统评估其生态产品供给能力，并与三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、武夷山等国家公园进行了对比分析。结果表明，海南热带雨林国家公园森林生态系统年生态产品总价值约 515.12 亿元，其中调节服务占比最高（50.99%），供给、文化和支持服务分别占 36.27%、6.65% 和 6.09%。在功能结构中，生物多样性保护和涵养水源为核心功能，分别占总价值的 32% 和 31%，旗舰物种海南长臂猿的保护价值每年达 15.07 亿元。与其他国家公园相比，海南热带雨林国家公园生态产品供给结构更为均衡。研究强调了热带岛屿型国家公园在生态安全维系、物种保护及多样化生态服务供给中的重要作用，对推进中国生态文明建设与自然保护地体系高质量发展具有示范意义。

Abstract

National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest is the only island-type tropical rainforest reserve in China. It has extremely high biodiversity and key ecological functions, and is also the only habitat for the global critically endangered species of Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus). Based on the technical method system of forest ecological inventory, this paper integrates the continuous inventory of forest resources, forest ecological inventory and social public data, systematically evaluates the supply capacity of ecological products from the two dimensions of material quality and value of ecological products, and compares it with Sanjiangyuan, Giant Panda, Northeast Tiger and Leopard, Wuyishan and other national parks. The results showed that the total annual value of ecological products in the forest ecosystem of the park was about 51.512 billion yuan, of which the regulation service accounted for the highest proportion (50.99%), and the supply, culture and support services accounted for 36.27%, 6.65% and 6.09%, respectively. In the functional structure, biodiversity conservation and water conservation are the core functions, accounting for 32% and 31% of the total value, respectively. The conservation value of the flagship species Hainan gibbon reached 15.07 billion yuan/year. Compared with other national parks, the supply structure of ecological products in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest is more balanced. The study emphasizes the important role of tropical island national parks in ecological security maintenance, species protection and diversified ecological service supply, and has demonstration significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and the high-quality development of nature reserve system in China.

关键词

海南热带雨林国家公园 / 生态产品 / 供给能力 / 生态系统服务价值 / 国家公园体系

Key words

National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest / ecological products / supply capacity / the value of ecosystem services / national Park System.

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基金资助

国家林业和草原局重点课题(2021ZDKT003-2)