海南热带雨林国家公园霸王岭片区蝴蝶多样性海拔梯度格局及影响因子

Diversity patterns of butterfly assemblages along an elevational gradient and influencing factors in the Bawangling region of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

摘要

为探究海南热带雨林国家公园蝴蝶多样性沿海拔梯度格局及影响因子，在霸王岭片区沿海拔 300～1 100 m 梯度设置了 24 条样线，于 2024 年 11 月至 2025 年 6 月系统调查了样线上蝴蝶和蜜源植物物种个体数、物种丰富度、物种组成、物种周转和物种嵌套，并同步测量了海拔，监测了温度、湿度的变化。结果表明：10次调查记录到蝴蝶 5 科 202 种，共 15 482 头。温度和蜜源植物丰富度是决定霸王岭片区蝴蝶物种丰富度的关键因素，而蝴蝶个体数仅与温度存在显著的非线性关系；蝴蝶 β 多样性主要由物种周转主导，海拔、湿度和蜜源植物是驱动这一过程的重要影响因子，表明各海拔区间均对霸王岭片区蝴蝶多样性有独特贡献。研究结果深化了对霸王岭片区蝴蝶多样性维持机制的认识，可为海南热带雨林国家公园的蝴蝶多样性保护提供参考。

Abstract

To explore the distribution patterns of butterfly diversity and influencing factors along an elevational gradient in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, 24 line transects were establised along a 300–1 100 m gradient in the Bawangling region to make a systematical survey of the number of individuals, species richness, species composition, species turnover and species nestedness of butterflies and nectar plants within each transect from November 2024 to June 2025. The elevation and variations in temperature and humidity were simultaneously monitored for each transect. A total of 15 482 butterfly individuals belonging to 202 species and 5 families were recorded during 10 surveys. The results showed that temperature and nectar plant richness were the key influencing factors determining the butterfly richness in the Bawangling region, while the number of butterfly individuals only exhibited a significant non-linear increasing with temperature. Butterflyβ-diversity was primarily driven by species turnover, which was determined by distance of elevation, temperature, humidity and nectar plant. This suggested that each elevation makes its unique contribution to butterfly diversity of the Bawangling region. These findings deepen the understanding of the mechanisms structuring butterfly diversity in the Bawangling region and provide a scientific basis for conservation of butterfly diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

关键词

多样性 / 海南热带雨林国家公园 / 蝴蝶 / 海拔梯度 / 物种周转 / 蜜源植物

Key words

diversity / Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park / butterfly / elevational gradient / species turnover / nectar plant

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基金资助

海南省自然科学基金项目(322MS023)

海南热带雨林国家公园综合调查与监测（二期）项目(RH2400010721)