濒危植物诗琳通含笑与石碌含笑正反交后的代表型与光合特性

Phenotypic and photosynthetic characteristics of progenies of a reciprocal cross between endangered Michelia sirindhorniae and M. shiluensis

摘要

为探究诗琳通含笑（Michelia sirindhorniae）与石碌含笑（M. shiluensis）正反交亲和性及杂交 F₁ 代表型与光合生理特性，于盛花期进行人工控制杂交，统计坐果率与结籽率，开展杂交后代种子萌发试验，观察后代表型特征，测定光响应曲线。结果发现，诗琳通含笑异交对照组的坐果率、结籽率和萌发率分别为 26.67%、5.48% 和 25.0%，石碌含笑异交对照组的相应指标分别为 100%、22.93% 和 86.67%。反交组合石碌含笑♀×诗琳通含笑♂的坐果率达 100%、结籽率 18.69% 和种子萌发率 23.89%，均显著高于正交组合诗琳通含笑♀×石碌含笑♂的相应结果（15%、2.92% 和 0.51%）；尽管反交的坐果率与结籽率结果与母本石碌含笑异交对照组相近，但两个杂交组合的种子萌发率均显著低于各自母本的异交对照组。杂交后代的形态学特征显示，正反杂交后代形态特征均与诗琳通含笑相近。光合及生长特性分析表明，正反杂交后代在光饱和点（>2 000 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）及株高、地径等生长指标上均表现出明显的杂种优势；最大净光合速率 P_nmax 的排序为：诗琳通含笑（9.71 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）>反交组合（7.10 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）>石碌含笑（6.73 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）>正交组合（4.76 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）。结果表明诗琳通含笑和石碌含笑正反杂交存在不同程度的隔离，杂交后代具速生、耐强光等优势。研究为濒危木兰科植物的种质创新与高效利用提供了重要的技术指导。

Abstract

An attempt was made to investigate the cross-compatibility of reciprocal crosses between Michelia sirindhorniae and M. shiluensis, and to evaluate the phenotypic and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the F₁ hybrid progeny. Artificial controlled pollination was conducted during the full flowering period to assess fruit set rate and seed set rate of the crosses. Seed germination tests were carried out for the progeny of the crosses. Phenotypic traits of the progeny were observed, and light response curves were measured. The outcrossed control of M. sirindhorniae showed a fruit set rate of 26.67%, a seed set rate of 5.48%, and a germination rate of 25.0%. The corresponding values for the M. shiluensis outcrossed control were 100%, 22.93%, and 86.67%, respectively. The reciprocal cross combination (M. shiluensis ♀ × M. sirindhorniae ♂) achieved a fruit set rate of 100%, a seed set rate of 18.69%, and a seed germination rate of 23.89%, all of which were significantly higher than those of the direct cross combination (M. sirindhorniae ♀ × M. shiluensis ♂) (15%, 2.92%, and 0.51%, respectively). Although the fruit and seed set rates of the reciprocal cross were close to those of its maternal outcrossed control (M. shiluensis), the germination rates of both hybrid combinations were significantly lower than those of their respective maternal controls. Morphological observations revealed that the offspring of both reciprocal crosses closely resembled M. sirindhorniae. Photosynthetic analysis indicated that at the two-year-old seedling stage, both hybrid progenies exhibited hybrid vigor in terms of high light saturation point (>2 000 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹) and growth metrics (height and ground diameter). The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) was highest in M. sirindhorniae (9.71 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), followed by the reciprocal cross (7.10 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), M. shiluensis (6.73 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), and the direct cross (4.76 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹). Reproductive isolation exists in the reciprocal crosses between M. sirindhorniae and M. shiluensis. The hybrid progeny exhibited hybrid advantages such as rapid growth and tolerance to high light intensity, with the reciprocal cross (M. shiluensis ♀ × M. sirindhorniae ♂) showing higher cross-compatibility. All these findings provide important technical guidance for germplasm innovation and efficient utilization of endangered Magnoliaceae plants.

关键词

诗琳通含笑 / 石碌含笑 / 杂交后代 / 形态鉴定 / 光合特性

Key words

Michelia sirindhorniae / M. shiluensis / hybrid progeny / morphological identification / photosynthetic characteristics

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基金资助

海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2025XDNY071)

国际植物园保护联盟中国项目(BGCI30434)

中央财政林业 草原改革发展资金（林业草原科技推广）项目(琼 [2025]TG-5，琼 [2023]TG03 号)