2025年国内外肺移植临床研究年度盘点

Annual review of clinical research on lung transplantation worldwide in 2025

摘要

肺移植是终末期肺病目前唯一有效的治疗方法。但目前肺移植领域仍面临诸多挑战，包括供者短缺、原发性移植肺失功、排斥反应、感染等。2025年，国内外学者在肺移植临床研究领域取得显著进展，本文系统梳理2025年度肺移植领域的临床研究前沿动态，重点阐述新型评估工具在供肺筛选中的应用、肺灌注技术的优化、体外膜肺氧合、机器人辅助微创手术的探索，以及原发性移植肺失功、急性肾损伤和慢性移植肺功能障碍的机制研究与干预策略。同时，对特殊人群管理、术后感染防控及生活质量提升等热点问题进行归纳。旨在总结年度重要研究成果，为我国肺移植临床实践与研究发展提供参考。

Abstract

Lung transplantation is currently the only effective treatment for end-stage lung disease. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces numerous challenges, including donor shortage, primary graft dysfunction, rejection, infection and others. In 2025, scholars worldwide have made remarkable progress in clinical research on lung transplantation. This article systematically reviews the cutting-edge developments in clinical research on lung transplantation in 2025, focusing on the application of novel evaluation tools in donor lung screening, optimization of lung perfusion techniques, exploration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, as well as mechanistic research and intervention strategies for primary graft dysfunction, acute kidney injury and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Meanwhile, hot topics such as the management of special populations, prevention and control of postoperative infections, and improvement of quality of life are summarized. This review aims to conclude the important annual research findings and provide references for the clinical practice and research development of lung transplantation in China.

关键词

肺移植 / 排斥反应 / 感染 / 缺血-再灌注损伤 / 体外膜肺氧合 / 慢性移植肺功能障碍 / 供者短缺

Key words

Lung transplantation / Rejection / Infection / Ischemia-reperfusion injury / Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / Chronic lung allograft dysfunction / Donor shortage

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(82470104)

四川省医学会科研项目(S20250043)

四川省医学科技创新研究会项目(YCH-KY-YCZD2024-227)