2025年中国肝移植基础研究年度盘点

Annual review of basic research on liver transplantation in China in 2025

摘要

2025年是中国肝移植基础研究实现跨越式发展的关键之年。本文系统梳理并盘点了年度内中国学者在肝移植领域的重大原创性贡献：在异种移植领域，我国科研团队相继完成世界首例基因修饰猪-人原位及辅助性肝移植，标志着我国在异种器官临床转化方面领跑全球；在供肝扩源与修复层面，国产仿生氧合机械灌注系统与载细胞微凝胶、3D生物打印技术的深度融合，成功实现了边缘供肝的动态功能修复与人工肝组织的初步构建。针对高龄供肝，首次揭示了衰老肝窦内皮细胞与肝细胞交互驱动网络机制，推动了从“被动治疗”向“主动管理衰老风险”的理念转变。此外，国内研究系统揭示了缺血-再灌注损伤中乙酰化调控及细胞焦亡、铁死亡等多维病理机制，并创新性提出“冬眠机制驱动的器官保护”与“供者特异性胸腺疫苗”等前沿策略。在肝癌肝移植与精准管理方面，多组学技术与人工智能深度融合，在术后并发症预警与肿瘤复发预测中展现出高精准度，为提升“中国标准”的国际话语权提供了坚实循证依据。本文通过年度学术盘点，旨在展现中国肝移植基础研究的核心突破，为推动临床诊疗范式变革与国际学术接轨贡献智慧。

Abstract

The year 2025 is a crucial one for the leapfrog development of basic research in liver transplantation in China. This article systematically reviews and summarizes the major original contributions made by Chinese scholars in the field of liver transplantation during the year. In the field of xenotransplantation, our research teams have successively completed the world's first gene-modified pig-human in situ and auxiliary liver transplantation, marking that China is leading globally in the clinical transformation of xenogeneic organs. In the aspect of donor liver source expansion and repair, the deep integration of domestic bionic oxygenation machine perfusion system with cell-loaded microgels and 3D bioprinting technology has successfully achieved the dynamic functional repair of marginal donor livers and the preliminary construction of artificial liver tissues. Regarding elderly donor livers, the mechanism of the interaction-driven network between senescent hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes was revealed for the first time, promoting the transformation from "passive treatment" to "active management of aging risks". In addition, domestic research has systematically revealed the multi-dimensional pathological mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury, including acetylation regulation and cell pyroptosis, ferroptosis, etc. and innovatively proposed cutting-edge strategies such as "hibernation mechanism-driven organ protection" and "donor-specific thymus vaccine". In the aspects of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma and precise management, the deep integration of multi-omics technology and artificial intelligence has demonstrated high accuracy in postoperative complication prediction and tumor recurrence prediction, providing solid evidence-based basis for enhancing the international discourse power of "Chinese standards". Through this annual academic review, this article aims to showcase the core breakthroughs in basic research on liver transplantation in China, and contribute wisdom to promoting the transformation of clinical diagnosis and treatment paradigms and achieving international academic alignment.

关键词

肝移植 / 异种移植 / 缺血-再灌注损伤 / 肝细胞癌 / 人工智能 / 终末期肝病 / 器官保护 / 边缘供肝

Key words

Liver transplantation / Xenotransplantation / Ischemia-reperfusion injury / Hepatocellular carcinoma / Artificial intelligence / End-stage liver disease / Organ protection / Marginal donor liver

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2024YFA1107200)

国家自然科学基金(U24A20655)

广州市科技计划项目(2024A03J0273)

广州市科技计划项目(2025A03J4126)