2025年中国心脏移植文献盘点

A review of Chinese heart transplantation literature in 2025

摘要

心脏移植是终末期心力衰竭患者治疗的金标准，然而移植术后排斥反应、缺血-再灌注损伤、免疫抑制药物不良反应及远期移植物失功等问题，仍是制约患者长期生存的主要挑战。过去一年，我国研究者围绕终末期心力衰竭患者的风险分层、供心保存技术创新、缺血-再灌注损伤干预新靶点、纳米靶向免疫抑制策略、排斥反应的基因表达调控以及超声分子成像监测等关键领域，开展了一系列高水平研究并取得重要突破。本文系统盘点2025年我国研究者在心脏移植领域取得的学术成果，重点梳理机制创新、技术突破与临床转化应用，为心脏移植领域的临床实践和未来研究方向提供参考。

Abstract

Heart transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure. Nevertheless, postoperative rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, adverse reactions to immunosuppressive drugs and long-term allograft dysfunction remain the major challenges restricting the long-term survival of patients. In the past year, Chinese researchers have carried out a series of high-level studies and made important breakthroughs in key fields including risk stratification of patients with end-stage heart failure, innovations in donor heart preservation technology, novel therapeutic targets for the intervention of ischemia-reperfusion injury, nano-targeted immunosuppressive strategies, gene expression regulation of rejection, and monitoring by ultrasound molecular imaging. This article systematically reviews the academic achievements made by Chinese researchers in the field of heart transplantation in 2025, with a focus on sorting out mechanism innovations, technological breakthroughs and clinical translational applications, so as to provide references for clinical practice and future research directions in heart transplantation.

关键词

心脏移植 / 终末期心力衰竭 / 排斥反应 / 缺血-再灌注损伤 / 供心保存 / 免疫调控 / 纳米靶向递送 / 影像学技术

Key words

Heart transplantation / End-stage heart failure / Rejection / Ischemia-reperfusion injury / Donor heart preservation / Immune regulation / Nano-targeted delivery / Imaging technology

参考文献

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基金资助

十四五国家重点研发项目(2022YFC2402605)