成都市社区老年人口腔衰弱现状调查及影响因素分析^*

Status of oral frailty and its influencing factors among community-dwelling older adults in Chengdu

摘要

目的 调查成都市社区老年人口腔衰弱现状并分析其影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究设计, 通过分层、便利抽样的方法, 2022年11月—2023年3月选取成都市5个城市社区内470例老年人作为研究对象, 采用口腔衰弱-5对老年人口腔衰弱状况进行评估, 收集老年人一般资料、口腔保健行为、营养状况、焦虑、抑郁、握力、日常生活活动能力等资料。结果 254例(54.0%)社区老年人存在口腔衰弱, 口腔衰弱-5条目中舌唇运动功能异常占比最高, 多因素logistic回归分析显示, 年龄、牙签使用、握力、日常生活活动能力是城市社区老年人口腔衰弱的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 成都市社区老年人口腔衰弱患病率高, 高龄、不使用牙签、握力下降及日常生活活动能力下降的老年人更容易发生口腔衰弱。社区医务工作者应关注老年人口腔衰弱问题, 并从老年人特征、口腔保健行为、身体状况等方面给予相关健康指导。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the status of oral frailty among the elderly in Chengdu community and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 470 elderly people from 5 communities in Chengdu were selected by stratified and convenient sampling from November 2022 to March 2023. The oral frailty of the elderly was evaluated by oral frailty-5. General data, oral health behavior, nutritional status, anxiety, depression, activities of daily living and handgrip strength were collected. Results There were 254 (54.0%) elderly people in the community with oral frailty, in which abnormal oral diadochokinesis accounted for the highest proportion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, toothpick, activities of daily living and handgrip strength were the influencing factors of oral frailty in the elderly people. Conclusion The incidence of oral frailty was high, and the elderly people who did not use toothpick with decreased activities of daily living and handgrip strength were more prone to oral frailty. Community medical workers should pay attention to the oral frailty of the elderly, and give relevant health guidance from the characteristics of the elderly, oral health behavior and physical conditions.

关键词

口腔功能 / 口腔衰弱 / 影响因素

Key words

Oral function / Oral frailty / Influencing factors

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基金资助

^*四川省科技厅青年基金项目(2024NSFSC1607)