阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对老年认知功能障碍的影响及治疗^*

Impact and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive impairment in the elderly

摘要

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 的特征是上气道反复发生梗阻导致血氧饱和度下降并伴有夜间觉醒。OSA 老年患者由于与中青年人作息习惯不同、 心脑血管疾病以及老年合并症的增多和衰老造成的脑功能退化, 更容易出现晚年认知功能下降。 因此, 探讨老年人 OSA 及其相关疾病对认知功能障碍影响和治疗方法逐渐引起研究者的关注。 通过总结分析 OSA 老年患者如何加重阿尔茨海默病、 帕金森综合征, 以及抑郁和焦虑对认知功能障碍的影响及治疗方案, 从机制和临床诊疗的角度探讨老年 OSA 与认知功能障碍之间的联系, 为提高 OSA 合并认知功能障碍老年患者的治疗效果和生活质量提供了新的参考。

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction, leading to a decrease in blood oxygen saturation and accompanied by nocturnal awakenings. Due to their different work and rest habits from middle-aged and young people, the increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, comorbidities in the elderly, and brain function degeneration caused by aging, elderly OSA patients are more prone to a decline in cognitive ability in their later years. Therefore, exploring the impact of elderly OSA and its related diseases on cognitive impairment and treatment methods has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. This review summarizes and analyzes how elderly OSA patients exacerbate the impact of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson syndrome, depression, and anxiety on cognitive impairment, as well as their treatment plans. It explores the connection between elderly OSA and cognitive impairment from the perspectives of mechanism and clinical diagnosis and treatment, providing a new reference plan for improving the treatment effects and quality of life of elderly OSA patients with cognitive impairment.

关键词

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 / 阿尔茨海默病 / 帕金森综合征 / 抑郁 / 焦虑

Key words

Obstructive sleep apnea / Alzheimer disease / Parkinson disease / Depression / Anxiety

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基金资助

^*吉林省中青年科技创新创业卓越人才 (团队) 项目 (创新类)(20230508068RC)