饮食模式对阿尔茨海默病发病率及认知功能影响的研究现状^*

The influence of various dietary patterns on the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive function

摘要

随着全球老龄化的日益严重, 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的发病率也逐年上升。 因其发病机制的复杂性, 导致 AD 及其认知障碍的原因尚不确切。 越来越多的研究表明不同的饮食模式对 AD 的发病率以及认知功能有影响, 其中以地中海饮食 (MeDi)、 控制高血压饮食 (DASH)、 地中海-DASH 干预饮食 (MIND)、 生酮饮食 (KD) 和改良的地中海生酮饮食 (MMKD) 为多。 本文对上述饮食模式对 AD 发病率以及认知功能的影响作一综述, 以期为国内开展 AD 的防治提供可实施的新思路。

Abstract

The global aging population is contributing to a yearly increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precise origin of AD and its related cognitive impairment remains ambiguous due to the intricacies of its pathophysiology. An increasing volume of evidence indicates that specific dietary patterns affect the prevalence of AD and cognitive function, with prominent examples being the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), the ketogenic diet (KD), and the modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD). This review consolidates existing research on the impact of dietary interventions on AD incidence and cognitive performance, with the objective to offering practical insights for the prevention and management of AD in China.

关键词

饮食模式 / 阿尔茨海默病 / 发病率 / 认知功能

Key words

Dietary patterns / Alzheimer's disease / Incidence rate / Cognitive function

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基金资助

^*国家自然科学基金(82360264)