肌少症与激素关系的研究进展 ^*

Hormonal regulation of sarcopenia: current advances and emerging mechanistic insights

摘要

肌少症是一种以骨骼肌质量减少、力量下降及功能受损为特征的老年综合征, 其发病机制复杂, 涉及多个系统, 尤其是内分泌系统。生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1轴、甲状腺激素、性激素 (雌激素、睾酮)、胰岛素、维生素D及皮质醇等在调节骨骼肌蛋白合成、卫星细胞增殖、代谢稳态及炎症反应等方面发挥关键作用, 并与肌少症的发生密切相关, 而激素替代治疗在改善肌少症方面也显示出一定潜力。本文对上述多种激素在肌少症中的作用作一综述, 旨在为肌少症防治提供理论依据和研究方向。

Abstract

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome defined by the gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The etiology is intricate, including interactions among various physiological systems, especially the endocrine system which secretes the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, thyroid hormones, sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone), insulin, vitamin D, and cortisol. Recent data indicates that these hormones are crucial in regulating skeletal muscle protein synthesis, satellite cell proliferation, metabolic balance, and inflammatory responses, all of which are intricately linked to the beginning and progression of sarcopenia. Hormone replacement trerapy has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing sarcopenia. This review delineates the functions of the aforementioned hormones in the genesis and progression of sarcopenia, intending to furnish a theoretical foundation and research perspective for its prevention and treatment.

关键词

肌少症 / 激素 / 老年 / 激素替代治疗

Key words

Sarcopenia / Hormones / Elderly / Hormone replacement therapy

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基金资助

^*国家自然科学基金(82401845)

四川省科技厅项目(2024NSFSC1601)