人参皂苷 Rg1 治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展 ^*

Ginsenoside Rg1 and Alzheimer's disease: research advances in treatment potential

摘要

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种以进行性认知功能障碍为特征的神经退行性疾病, 其发病机制复杂, 现有治疗手段疗效有限。人参皂苷 Rg1 作为传统中药人参的主要活性成分, 可显著改善认知功能并减轻神经元损伤, 并因其多靶点、低毒性的特点成为 AD 治疗的研究热点。本文系统综述了人参皂苷 Rg1 通过调控自噬功能、抑制 β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 沉淀、减少 Tau 蛋白过度磷酸化、缓解神经炎症、改善铁代谢紊乱、雌激素样作用及调节肠-脑轴等多种机制干预 AD 的研究, 为人参皂苷 Rg1 干预 AD 的理论依据和潜在治疗策略提供参考。

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive cognitive impairment, with a complex pathogenesis and limited efficacy of existing therapies. Ginsenoside Rg1, a principal active constituent of the traditional Chinese herb ginseng, significantly enhances cognitive function and alleviates neuronal damage. It has lately become a focus of research in Alzheimer's disease treatment due to its multi-target benefits and low toxicity. This article thoroughly examines the mechanisms through which Ginsenoside Rg1 influences Alzheimer's disease, including the regulation of autophagy, inhibition of Aβ deposition, reduction of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, alleviation of neuroinflammation, improvement of iron metabolism disorders, exertion of estrogen-like effects, and modulation of the gut-brain axis. The review seeks to establish a theoretical foundation and prospective therapeutic approaches for Ginsenoside Rg1 in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease.

关键词

阿尔茨海默病 / 人参皂苷 Rg1 / 治疗

Key words

Alzheimer's disease / Ginsenoside Rg1 / Treatment

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基金资助

^*吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202501ZYTS219)