老年人防治肌少症的健康信念潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究^*

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of health beliefs regarding sarcopenia prevention in older adults

摘要

目的 探索老年人防治肌少症的健康信念潜在剖面及影响因素。方法 采用分层便利抽样法于2024年5月—7月选取广东省不同GDP水平的城市,包括广州市、深圳市、中山市、韶关市和云浮市共701例老年人作为研究对象。采用一般资料表、肌少症筛查表、防治肌少症健康信念量表、慢性病患者健康素养量表、多维度感知社会支持量表进行调查。通过潜在剖面分析将不同防治肌少症健康信念进行分类并通过无序多分类logistic回归分析探究其影响因素。结果 老年人防治肌少症的健康信念总分为(118.06 ± 13.31)分,基于潜在剖面分析,老年人防治肌少症的健康信念可分为低认知—消极应对组(18.97%)、中等认知—有限应对组(69.19%)和高认知—积极应对组(11.84%)。城市分级、学历、健康素养及社会支持是健康信念潜在剖面的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 政府及社会组织应重点关注认知水平较低的老年群体,通过加强健康教育、提升健康素养及完善家庭与社会支持等措施,提高老年人对肌少症的防治信念水平。

Abstract

Objective To explore the latent categories of health beliefs regarding sarcopenia prevention in older adults and their influencing factors. Methods From May to July 2024, a total of 701 older adults from cities with different GDP levels in Guangdong Province, including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Shaoguan, and Yunfu, were selected through stratified convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the SARC-CalF, the Health Belief Scale for Sarcopenia Prevention and Management, the Health Literacy Scale for Patients with Chronic Diseases, and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to classify different health beliefs regarding sarcopenia prevention, and unordered multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to explore their influencing factors. Results The total score of health beliefs regarding sarcopenia prevention and management among older adults was (118.06 ± 13.31)scores. Based on latent profile analysis, three distinct profiles were identified: the low cognition-passive response group (18.97%), and the moderate cognition-limited response group (69.19%), and the high cognition-active response group (11.84%). City classification, educational level, health literacy, and social support were identified as independent influencing factors of latent health belief profiles (P<0.05). Conclusion Governments and social organizations should prioritize elderly populations with lower cognitive levels, enhancing their awareness of sarcopenia prevention and treatment through measures such as strengthening health education, improving health literacy, and providing comprehensive family and social support.

关键词

肌少症 / 老年人 / 健康信念 / 潜在剖面分析

Key words

Sarcopenia / Older adults / Health beliefs / Latent profile analysis

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基金资助

^*广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD24XSH08);老年长期照护教育部重点实验室(海军军医大学)开放研究基金资助项目(LNYBPY-2023-08);省部共建中医湿证国家重点实验室面上项目基金资助项目(SZ2022KF15);广州中医药大学2025年度“固本”工程一级学科能力提升项目(GZY2025GB0901)