残余海盆平缓斜坡 三角洲-潮坪混合沉积相类型及沉积模式--以中东地区 A 油田 Asmari 组 B 段为例

The delta-tidal flat mixed sedimentary facies and model in the gentle slope of a residual sea basin: a case study of the section B of Asmari Formation in the A Oilfield in the Middle East

摘要

为研究陆源碎屑与海相碳酸盐混合形成的混积岩沉积相类型和沉积模式，以中东地区A油田Asmari组B段为例，根据岩心观察、薄片鉴定、地球物理测井和地球化学资料，识别沉积微相标志，划分沉积微相类型，研究三角洲一潮坪混合沉积环境下不同微相的空间展布特征，探讨沉积微相主控因素并建立沉积模式。结果表明：研究区 Asmari组 B段形成于海陆过渡环境，发育三角洲和潮坪两种沉积相类型，进一步识别三角洲前缘、潮间和潮下 3 种沉积亚相，以及分流河道、河口坝、潮缘滩、云坪、砂坪和泥坪等沉积微相。Asmari组 B 段自下而上分别发育 B4、B3、B2 和 B1 油组，发育两种混合沉积类型，包括过渡带沉积形成的相缘混合及潮流改造并沉积形成的沉淀混合，相缘混合的碎屑组分和混合动力主要由三角洲提供，沉淀混合的碳酸盐组分和混合动力主要由潮汐主导。B4 油组经历高供给富砂弱混积和低供给贫砂弱混积阶段，早期发育分流河道，后期发育以云坪为主；B3 油组经历低供给贫砂混积和高供给富砂混积阶段，早期发育云坪，后期发育沉积砂坪和混积坪；B2 油组经历涨潮富砂混积和退潮贫砂混积阶段，早期发育砂坪和混积坪，后期发育以云坪为主；B1 油组经历中海平面混积、高海平面混积和低海平面混积阶段，早期发育分流河道、砂坪和泥坪，中期发育泥坪，后期发育分流河道。该结果为研究区目的层及具有类似混合沉积特征的油气田勘探开发提供依据。

Abstract

In order to study the mixed-sedimentary rocks formed by the terrigenous clasts and marine carbonates, along with their sedimentary facies and models, this research takes the section B of Asmari Formation in the A Oilfield in the Middle East as an example. Based on core observations, thin section identifications, and integrated geophysical and geochemical data, sedimentary microfacies indicators were identified, and microfacies types were classified. The spatial distribution characteristics of different microfacies in a delta-tidal flat mixed sedimentary environment were investigated, the main controlling factors were explored, and a corresponding sedimentary model was established. The results indicate that the section B of Asmari Formation in the study area was formed in a transitional marine-continental environment, developing two types of sedimentary facies: delta and tidal flat. These were further subdivided into three sedimentary subfacies: delta front, intertidal zone, and subtidal zone, as well as sedimentary microfacies such as distributary channels, mouth bars, sand flats, and dolomite flats. The section B of Asmari Formation, from bottom to top, comprises oil groups B4, B3, B2, and B1, exhibiting two types of mixed sedimentary processes: facies margin mixing formed in transitional zones and precipitation mixing formed by tidal reworking and deposition. The clastic components and mixing dynamics of facies margin mixing are primarily supplied by the delta, while the carbonate components and mixing dynamics of precipitation mixing are mainly dominated by tides. The B4 oil group experienced stages of high-supply, sand-rich weak mixing and low-supply, sand-poor weak mixing, with distributary channels developing early and dolomite flats dominating later. The B3 oil group experienced stages of low-supply, sand-poor mixing and high-supply, sand-rich mixing, with dolomite flats developing early and sand flats and mixed flats developing later. The B2 oil group experienced stages of flood-tide sand-rich mixing and ebb-tide sand-poor mixing, with sand flats and mixed flats developing early and dolomite flats dominating later. The B1 oil group experienced stages of mixed sedimentation at medium, high, and low sea levels, with distributary channels, sand flats, and mud flats developing early, mud flats widely developing in the middle stage, and distributary channels developing later. These results provide a basis for the exploration and development of target reservoirs in the study area and other oilfields with similar mixed-sedimentary characteristics.

关键词

中东地区 / Asmari组 / 三角洲 / 潮坪 / 混合沉积 / 主控因素 / 沉积模式

Key words

Middle East / Asmari Formation / delta / tidal flat / mixed sediment / main controlling factors / sedimentary model

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基金资助

中国海洋石油集团有限公司＂十四五＂重大科技项目(KJGG2022-0905)