基于粒子群优化算法的地震数据品质因子及混合相位子波同时估计

Mixed-phase wavelet and quality factor estimation for seismic data based on particle swarm optimization

摘要

非稳态地震数据高分辨率处理及反演是通过求解包含地震子波滤波效应及地层吸收衰减效应的反演方程，获得地下反射界面的地震响应。为实现高分辨率处理及反演中初始地震子波及数据品质因子 Q 模型的实施条件，结合地震子波 Z 变换的根移动编码及等效 Q 模型的二进制一十进制转换策略，引入粒子群全局优化算法，建立非稳态地震数据混合相位初始地震子波及数据品质因子同时估计的方法。利用井旁道与数据的互相关作为准则函数，判定粒子群是否收玫至最大，输出最佳初始地震子波及 Q 。应用理论合成数据和实际数据测试进行验证。结果表明：相较于传统常相位地震子波估计及反 Q 滤波，该方法在复杂干扰条件下能更精确捕获真实的子波波形及衰减参数。利用输出的地震子波及 Q 进行时变反褶积处理得到高分辨率剖面，说明方法具有准确性、计算效率高且输出结果优，估计的地震子波和 Q更符合实际地震波传播特征，为后续高分辨率地震数据处理提供基本参数。

Abstract

With starting wavelet and quality factor (Q), high resolution processing and inversion for nonstationary seismic data can be deployed via solving the related equation that contains the seismic waveletand attenuated-filtering. In order to obtain an accurate reflectivity or elastic parameters (velocity and density) model. We proposed a new estimation method for starting wavelet and Q model by combining the encoder-decoder of wavelet root distribution and binary-to-decimal conversion of Q model. In virtue of global optimization algorithm and seismic-to-well tie as criterion function, this method can output the rational mixed-phase wavelet and Q value simultaneously and avoid the drawback of the conventional Q extraction. Synthetic and real data test can illustrate the superb performance of proposed method. In contrast with the calculated zero-phase or constant phase wavelet, mixed-phase of wavelet is updated by fitting nearby well seismic trace with well-log data, which corresponds with the propagated wavelet in reality. The attenuation factors can be evaluated in complex noise case. Compared with conventional invert Q filter and constant phase scanning method, the accurate wavelet and Q model provided by the approach are used to calculate deconvolution results, which possess higher quality. For nonstationary seismic data, the outputted results can reveal more details in subsurface. The results provide basic parameters for the processing of high-resolution seismic data.

关键词

混合相位 / 地震子波 / 品质因子 / 粒子群优化算法 / 非稳态地震数据

Key words

mixed-phase / seismic wavelet / quality factor (Q) / particle swarm optimization / nonstationary seismic data

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基金资助

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2022JZ-16)

天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2020-TD-ZD003)