渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷北部东营組沉积体系发育演化与构造古地貌的控制作用

Development and evolution of depositional systems and the control of tectonic paleogeomorphology of the Dongying Formation in the Northern Liaozhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

摘要

根据地震和钻、测井资料，识别渤海湾盆地东北部辽中凹陷北部东营组中下段地震相和岩相组合类型，揭示沉积体系的发育演化规律；拉平古水平面，恢复东营组沉积时期构造古地貌，探讨构造古地貌对沉积体系发育演化的控制作用。结果表明：辽中凹陷北部东营组中下段可识别 6 种地震相与 9 种岩相组合类型，发育辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲、湖底扇以及碎屑湖泊等沉积，北部由辨状河三角洲演变为双向供源的曲流河三角洲一湖底扇，中南部早期发育小型辫状河三角洲并逐渐消亡，南部小型辫状河三角洲逐渐向北推进；东营组中下段沉积期研究区整体南高北低，可划分辽东凸起和辽中凹陷 2 个隆坳单元，进一步识别断裂陡坡带、缓坡断阶带、缓坡带、古沟谷等构造古地貌单元；研究区发育的沉积体系类型及规模与古坡折坡度、凹陷沉降中心位置、古沟谷规模密切相关，沉积体系的分布演化是盆地隆坳格局、坡折地貌形态、古沟谷发育位置与物源供给方向共同作用的结果。该结果对研究区油气勘探有利砂体预测具有指导意义。

Abstract

Based on seismic and well logging data, the types of seismic facies and lithofacies association in the middle and lower part of Dongying Formation in the Northern Liaozhong Depression in northeast of Bohai Bay Basin are identified, and the development and evolution patterns of depositional systems is revealed in this study. By flattening the paleo-horizon, the tectonic paleogeomorphology in the sedimentary period of Dongying Formation is restored, the controlling factors of tectonic paleogeomorphology on the development and evolution of depositional systems are discussed. The results show that six types of seismic facies and nine types of lithofacies association can be identified in the middle and lower part of Dongying Formation in the Northern Liaozhong Depression, and develop braided river delta, meandering river delta, sublacustrine fan and clastic lake. Depositional systems in the northern of the study area have evolved from braided river delta to two sides supplied meandering river delta-sublacustrine fan. The small braided river delta developed in the central southern of study area in the early stage and gradually disappeared, and the small braided river delta system in the south gradually advanced to the north. The tectonic paleogeomorphology of the study area is high in the south and low in the north during the depositional periods of the middle and lower part of the Dongying Formation, and can be divided into two patterns, including Liaodong Uplift and Liaozhong Depression. Steep slope break zone, gentle slope fault-step zone, gentle slope zone and valley are further identified. The type and scale of depositional systems developed in the area are closely related to the inclination of the slope break, the location of the subsidence center and the scale of the valley. The distribution and evolution of depositional systems are the results of the joint action of the basin uplift and depression pattern, the slope break paleogeomorphology, the development location of the valley and the resource supply direction. The results have guiding significance for favorable sand body prediction in the study area.

关键词

沉积演化 / 沉积体系 / 构造古地貌 / 控制因素 / 东营组中下段 / 辽中凹陷北部 / 渤海湾盆地

Key words

sedimentary evolution / depositional systems / tectonic paleogeomorphology / control factors / middle and lower members of the Dongying Formation / Northern Liaozhong Depression / Bohai Bay Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230816)