致密碳酸盐岩气藏裂缝预测及主控因素分析以四川盆地 G 气田震旦系灯影组为例

Fracture prediction and main controlling factors analysis of tight carbonate gas reservoir: take the Sinian Dengying Formation of G Gas Field in Sichuan Basin as an example

摘要

四川盆地 G气田致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育控制因素认识不清。考虑岩性弹脆性差异，分析岩心单井裂缝发育特征和裂缝形成期次，进行应力场数值模拟，建立应力场一能量一裂缝参数计算模型；结合多期裂缝叠加算法，预测 G气田灯影组储层裂缝，分析裂缝发育主控因素。结果表明：G气田灯影组储层裂缝具有多期性与多样性，以高角度、半充填张剪缝为主。研究区中部褶皱顶部及断层影响区是碳酸盐岩裂缝优势发育带，裂缝密度为 1.10 \sim 2.30 条 /m ，开度大于 1.5 mm ；泥岩裂缝发育程度弱，裂缝密度低于 0.50 条/m，开度小于 0.4 mm ，泥岩隔层裂缝发育总体低于碳酸盐岩层的，且规律性差。裂缝发育符合断层-褶皱-裂缝共生模式。岩性、断层与构造形态共同控制碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育规模与分布范围。该结果有助于提高同类型致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝预测效果，改进油气藏开发方案。

Abstract

The controlling factors of fracture development in tight carbonate reservoir in G Gas Field of Sichuan Basin are unclear. Considering the difference of lithologic elastic-brittleness, the fracture development characteristics and fracture formation stages of single well are analyzed, and the stress field numerical simulation is carried out to establish the stress field, energy and fracture parameters calculation model. Combined with the multi-phase fracture superposition algorithm, the reservoir fractures of Dengying Formation in G Gas Field are predicted and the main controlling factors of fracture development are clarified. The results show that the fractures in Dengying Formation of G Gas Field are multistage and diverse, mainly high-angle and half-filled tension-shear fractures. The top of the fold and the fault affected area in the middle of the study area are the dominant development zones of carbonate fractures, the fracture density is 1.10-2.30 strips per meter, and the fracture opening is greater than 1.5 mm. The fracture development degree of mudstone is weak, the fracture density is less than 0.50 strips per meter, and the fracture opening is less than 0.4 mm. The fracture development of mudstone interlayer is generally lower than that of carbonate rock, it has poor regularity. The fracture development conforms to the fault-fold-fracture symbiosis model. The scale and distribution of fractures are controlled by lithology, fault and structural morphology in carbonate reservoir. This result is helpful to improve the fracture prediction of the same type of tight carbonate reservoir and improve the development plan of the reservoir.

关键词

致密碳酸盐岩 / 裂缝预测 / 主控因素 / 应力场模拟 / 灯影组 / G气田 / 四川盆地

Key words

tight carbonate rock / fracture prediction / main controlling factors / stress field simulation / Dengying Formation / G Gas Field / Sichuan Basin

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基金资助

中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技项目(ZD2019-183-006)