南羌塘坳陷中侏罗统布曲组碳酸盐岩储层特征及控制因素

Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the Middle Jurassic carbonate reservoir in the Buqu Formation, Southern Qiangtang Depression

摘要

根据野外剖面、钻井和岩心等资料,采用岩心观察、常规及铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、阴极发光、压汞实验、孔渗测试等方法,分析南羌塘坳陷中侏罗统布曲组碳酸盐岩储层特征及控制因素。结果表明:南羌塘坳陷布曲组碳酸盐岩储层岩性主要为亮晶鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩、晶粒白云岩和(残余)颗粒白云岩;储集空间主要为粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔、晶间溶孔、非组构选择性溶孔和裂缝。不同岩性的储层物性差别明显,白云岩储层物性优于过渡性岩类及灰岩的,主要为栻-栿类储层。沉积相和成岩作用为有利储层的控制因素,碳酸盐岩台缘浅滩及台内浅滩相沉积构成有利储层发育的物质基础,白云石化、压溶及溶蚀作用是有利储层形成的关键;较彻底的白云石化对储层孔隙度增加具有明显的促进作用,细晶自形白云岩物性最优,构造破裂作用产生的各种裂缝有利于溶蚀流体的运移,有效改善储层物性。该结果为研究区下一步油气勘探提供地质依据。

Abstract

Based on field profiles, drilling, and core data, this study explores the characteristics and controlling factors of the Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation carbonate reservoir using methods such as core observation, conventional and cast thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, mercury intrusion, and porosity and permeability testing. The results indicate that the carbonate reservoir rocks of the Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation in the South Qiangtang Depression are mainly composed of bright crystal oolitic limestone, grain dolomite, (residual) grain dolomite, and bioclastic limestone. The storage space mainly consists of intragranular dissolution pores, mold pores, intergranular pores, intergranular dissolution pores, nonfabric selective dissolution pores, and cracks. The physical properties of reservoirs with different rock types vary significantly, with dolomite reservoirs having better physical properties than transitional rocks and limestone, mainly belonging to class 栻-栿 reservoirs. Sedimentary facies and diagenesis are the controlling factors for favorable reservoirs. The material basis for the development of favorable reservoirs is formed by the sedimentation of carbonate platform margin shoals and intraplatform shoals. Dolomitization, dissolution, and pressure dissolution are key factors for the formation of favorable reservoirs. Thorough dolomitization has a significant promoting effect on the increase of reservoir porosity. Fine crystalline self-formed dolomite has the best physical properties. The various fractures generated by tectonic fracturing are beneficial for the migration of dissolution fluids and effectively improve reservoir properties. This result provides geological basis for the next step of oil and gas exploration in the study area.

关键词

羌塘盆地 / 中侏罗统 / 布曲组 / 碳酸盐岩 / 储层特征 / 控制因素

Key words

Qiangtang Basin / Middle Jurassic / Buqu Formation / carbonate rocks / reservoir characteristics / controlling factors

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基金资助

中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P22197)

中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P22198)