扇三角洲前缘储层构型特征及对储层质量的控制作用——以乍得D油田PⅠ油组为例

Reservoir configuration characteristics of fan delta front and its control effect on reservoir quality: a case study of PⅠ Oil Group in D Oilfield of Chad

摘要

乍得Bongor盆地D油田PⅠ油组储层为扇三角洲前缘沉积,具近源快速堆积、沉积碎屑颗粒粗、砂体接触关系复杂等特点。根据岩心、测井、地震及开发动态资料,划分研究区岩相及组合类型,识别单砂体构型单元类型及特征,分析不同构型单元空间组合样式,建立扇三角洲前缘构型模式及其随基准面演化特征,探讨单砂体构型对储层质量的控制作用。结果表明:研究区为扇三角洲前缘沉积,主要发育10种岩相、5种岩相组合及4种主要构型单元类型。砂体侧向拼接样式主要有4种类型,单砂体垂向接触类型可分为切叠型、叠加型、孤立型三大类10小类叠置样式。在长期基准面上升时期,单砂体垂向叠置关系先由切叠型转变为叠加型,后转变为孤立型,砂体发育规模不断收缩变窄。不同构型单元的孔隙度及渗透率特征差异明显,水下分流河道物性最好,平均孔隙度、渗透率分别为21.31%和1276.92×10^-3μm²。单砂体的叠置样式及单一构型内部砂体所处位置和沉积韵律对储层物性非均质性具有明显控制作用,砂体物性从对应箱形曲线韵律的水道中部主体向对应钟形曲线韵律的两侧边部变差;叠加型接触的砂体较切叠型接触砂体非均质性更强。该结果为乍得D油田及类似油田勘探开发及井网部署提供参考。

Abstract

The PⅠ Oil Group reservoir in D Oilfield, Bongor Basin, Chad, is a fan delta front deposit, which has the characteristics of near-source rapid accumulation, coarse detrital particles and complex sand-body contact relationship. Based on core, logging, seismic and development dynamic data, the lithofacies and combination types in the study area are divided, and the types and characteristics of single sand body configuration are identified. The spatial combination styles of different configuration units are analyzed, and the fan-delta front configuration models and their evolution characteristics with the base level are established to discuss the control effect of single sand body configuration on reservoir quality. The results show that the study area is a fan delta front deposit, with 10 lithofacies, five lithofacies associations and four main configurational unit types. There are four types of lateral splicing styles of sand bodies, and the vertical contact types of single sand bodies can be divided into three categories: cut and overlap type, superimposed type, isolated type, with a total of 10 sub-categories of vertical contact types. In the period of long-term base level rising, the vertical superposition relationship of single sand body configuration changes from cut and overlap type to superimposed type and finally to isolated type, and the development scale of sand body shrinks. The porosity and permeability characteristics of different configuration units are obviously different, and the physical properties of underwater distributary channels are the best, with the mean porosity and permeability of 21.31% and 1276.92×10^-3μm², respectively. The superposition pattern of single sand bodies and the location and deposition rhythm of the sand body in a single configuration obviously control the heterogeneity of reservoir physical properties, and the physical properties change from the main body in the middle of the channel corresponding to the box curve rhythm to the two sides corresponding to the bell curve rhythm. The superimposed contact sand body is more heterogeneous than the cut and overlap contact sand body. The results can provide reference for the exploration and development and well pattern deployment of D Oilfield in Chad and similar fields.

关键词

扇三角洲前缘 / 构型单元 / 叠置样式 / 储层质量 / Bongor盆地 / 乍得D油田

Key words

fan delta front / configurational unit / superposition style / reservoir quality / Bongor Basin / D Oilfield in Chad

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基金资助

中国石油集团“十四五”前瞻性基础性重大科技项目(2021DJ3203)