伊拉克东南部塞诺曼阶-早土伦阶储层类型、特征及主控因素

Reservoir types, characteristics and main controlling factors of Cenomanian-Early Turonian in the Southeastern Iraq

摘要

基于钻井取心、铸体薄片、压汞实验、物性分析、扫描电镜及测井曲线等资料,根据地质成因和岩石物理特征划分伊拉克东南部塞诺曼阶-早土伦阶储层类型,分析储层特征及主控因素。结果表明:塞诺曼阶-早土伦阶储层划分为沉积型、成岩型、沉积-成岩型和复合型,沉积型发育于高能环境,原生粒间孔发育程度高,物性为高孔高渗,是油藏开发的首选目标;成岩型沉积于低能环境,准同生溶蚀形成大量次生孔隙,物性为中高孔中低渗,是油藏长期稳产的重要接替资源;沉积-成岩型沉积水体能量中等,发育少量原生粒间孔,准同生溶蚀形成次生孔隙,物性为中高孔中渗,是油藏开发上产的重要支撑资源;复合型储层孔隙受构造作用、沉积作用和成岩作用综合控制,物性通常为中高孔中高渗,是油藏开发早期重要的目标产层。塞诺曼阶-早土伦阶沉积期,伊拉克东南部为宽缓的浅水碳酸盐岩缓坡,沉积相显著分异,准同生成岩作用充分;层序旋回过程中,沉积相快速演化,气候条件和暴露时间控制成岩作用类型和强度;构造作用在局部形成断层,促进埋藏溶蚀作用。该结果为巨厚生物碎屑灰岩储层评价和滚动开发部署提供地质依据。

Abstract

Based on the data of drilling core, casting thin sections, mercury injection capillary pressure, physical property, scanning electron microscope and wireline loggings, the reservoir types of Cenomanian-Early Turonian in Southeastern Iraq were classified based on geological origin and petrophysical characteristics, and reservoirs characteristics and the main controlling factors were clarified. The results show that the reservoirs in Cenomanian-Early Turonian are divided into sedimentary type, diagenetic, sedimentary-diagenetic and composite types. Sedimentary type is developed in high-energy environments, with abundant primary interparticle pores, and its physical properties are high-porosity and high-permeability, which is the first choice of the target for the development. Diagenetic type is deposited in a low-energy environment, with a large number of secondary pores formed by penecontemporaneous dissolution and physical properties are medium-high porosity and medium-low permeability. It is an important replacement resource for long-term stable production. The depositional energy of sedimentary-diagenetic type is moderate, developing a small amount of primary intergranular pores, and penecontemporaneous dissolution forms secondary pores, with medium-high porosity and medium-permeability, and which is an important support resource to increase the production. The pores of composite types are under the comprehensive control of tectonics, sedimentation and diagenesis, and the physical properties are medium-high porosity and medium-permeability, which is an important perforation target in the early stage of development. During Cenomanian-Early Turonian, Southeastern Iraq is a wide and shallow carbonate ramp, the sedimentary facies is significantly differentiated, and the penecontemporaneous diagenesis is sufficient; during the sequence cycle, the sedimentary facies evolves rapidly, and the climate and exposure span control the type and intensity of diagenesis. Tectonism forms faults locally, and promotes burial dissolution. The results provide a geological basis for the evaluation and development of the thick bioclastic limestone reservoir.

关键词

伊拉克东南部 / 塞诺曼阶-早土伦阶 / 储层 / 生物碎屑灰岩 / 沉积作用 / 成岩作用 / 碳酸盐岩缓坡

Key words

Southeastern Iraq / Cenomanian-Early Turonian / reservoir / bioclastic limestone / sedimentation / diagenesis / carbonate ramp

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基金资助

中国石油科技重大专项(2023ZZ19-01)

中国石油科技重大专项(2023ZZ19-07)