少断裂深水油气成藏模式与有利区优选——以圭亚那盆地上白垩统为例

Deepwater hydrocarbon accumulation model and optimal selection of favorable areas under the condition of few faults: a case study of the Upper Cretaceous in Guyana Basin

摘要

为明确少断裂深水油气运移机理与成藏富集模式，以圭亚那盆地上白垩统为对象，利用地震、测井、钻井及烃源岩测试分析等资料，研究盆地上白垩统石油地质特征，明确研究区成藏模式，划分勘探有利区。结果表明：烃源岩为土伦阶一康尼亚克阶沉积的巨厚黑色页岩，TOC 质量分数为 4 \mathrm{\%} \sim 7 \mathrm{\%} ，有机质类型以I、II型为主；储层为坎潘阶一马斯特里赫特阶水道、堤岸、朵叶亚相砂岩；主要盖层为古近纪早期沉积的泥岩与物性较差的巨厚粉砂岩。盆地陆坡区发育砂体叠置-断层斜向型运移体系，形成＂源-储紧邻、断-砂匹配、水道聚集＂的成藏模式；深水区发育砂体叠置-裂缝垂向型运移体系，形成＂源-储分离、缝-砂匹配、高点聚集＂的成藏模式。盆地中心深水区烃源岩发育与水道发育叠合区为勘探首选目标，北部堤岸发育与烃源岩发育叠合区或未与烃源岩重合的水道发育地区为勘探的第二选择。该结果对相似地质条件的盆地勘探具有指导意义。

Abstract

In order to clarify the hydrocarbon migration mechanism and accumulation mode under the condition of less faults, this paper takes the Upper Cretaceous in the Guyana Basin as an example, and studies the petroleum geological characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous in the Guyana Basin by using seismic data, drilling data and source rock analysis data. We have defined the reservoir-forming model of the study area and divided the favorable exploration areas. The results show that the source rocks of the Upper Cretaceous in the basin are huge thick black shales deposited in the Toulon-Coniacian stage. The TOC range of organic matter is 4 \mathrm{\%} - 7 \mathrm{\%}, and the organic matter types are mainly type I and type II. The reservoirs in the study area are Kampan-Maastrichtian channel, embankment and foliar subfacies sandstone. The study area is mainly covered by mudstone and thick siltstone with poor physical properties deposited in the Early Paleogene. The migration system of "sand body superposition and fault oblique transport type" is developed in the continental shelf area of the basin, and the reservoir formation model of "source rock and reservoir close proximity, fault and sand body matching, and channel gathering" is formed. The migration system of "sand body superposition and fracture vertical transport type" is developed in the deep water area, and the reservoir formation mode of "source rock and reservoir separation, fracture and sand body matching and high point gathering" is formed. The overlapped area of source rock development and channel development in the deep water area of the central basin is the first exploration target, and the overlapped area of source rock development and bank development in the north or the channel development area that does not coincide with source rock development is the second exploration target. The results are of guiding significance to the exploration of basins with similar geological conditions.

关键词

少断裂 / 输导体系 / 成藏模式 / 深水沉积 / 有利区优选 / 圭亚那盆地 / 上白垩统

Key words

few faults / transport system / accumulation pattern / deep water deposit / favorable area optimization / Guyana Basin / Upper Cretaceous

参考文献

[1] 吴时国, 袁圣强. 世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(6):693-699.

[2] WU Shiguo, YUAN Shengqiang. Advance of exploration and petroleum geological features of deep-water hydrocarbon in the world[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(6):693-699.

[3] 操应长, 杨田, 王艳忠, 等. 超临界沉积物重力流形成演化及特征[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(6):607-621.

[4] CAO Yingchang, YANG Tian, WANG Yanzhong, et al.Formation, evolution and sedimentary characteristics of supercritical sediment gravity-flow[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(6):607-621.

[5] 屈红军, 张功成. 全球深水富油气盆地分布格局及成藏主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(10):1478-1487.

[6] QU Hongjun,ZHANG Gongcheng. Distribution framework and main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation of global oil and gas-rich deepwater basins[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(10):1478-1487.

[7] 张功成, 屈红军, 赵冲, 等. 全球深水油气勘探 40 年大发现及未来勘探前景[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(10):1447-1477.

[8] ZHANG Gongcheng, QU Hongjun, ZHAO Chong, et al. Giant discoveries of oil and gas exploration in global deepwaters in 40 years and the prospect of exploration[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(10):1447-1477.

[9] 张功成, 屈红军, 张凤廉, 等. 全球深水油气重大新发现及启示[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(1):1-34.

[10] ZHANG Gongcheng, QU Hongjun, ZHANG Fenglian, et al. Major new discoveries of oil and gas in global deep waters and enlightenment[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(1):1-34.

[11] 鲍志东, 王光付, 冯志强, 等. 油气富集域早古生代以来的古地理演化及其对成藏的控制:南美一北非一中东一中亚特提斯域古地理与油气资源[J]. 古地理学报, 2024, 26(1):1-4.

[12] BAO Zhidong, WANG Guangfu, FENG Zhiqiang, et al. Early Paleozoic palaeogeography evolution and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation:palaeogeography and petroleum resources of the South American-North African-Middle Eastern-Central Asian Tethys domain[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2024, 26(1):1-4.

[13] CAMPBELL A E. Shelf-geometry response to changes in relative sea level on a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shelf in the Guyana Basin[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2005, 175(1/2/3/4):259-275.

[14] WORKMAN W, BIRNIE D J. The Guyana-Suriname Basin:an evolving exploration opportunity[C]// Theme: 'Let it Flow'-The Flow of Ideas, Hydrocarbons and Business. Calgary, Canada: CSEG CSPG Convention,2007:289-292.

[15] VAN H P, KAYMAKCI N. Exploration risk reduction for clastic reservoirs-Guyana-Suriname Basin provenance case study[C]// First EAGE Guyana-Suriname Basin Conference.Georgetown, Guyana: European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022(1):1-3.

[16] WONG T E, GEUNS L V. The discovery of a major hydrocarbon occurrence in the Guiana Basin,offshore Suriname:a blessing or a curse[J]. Academic Journal of Suriname, 2020, 11(1):1-6.

[17] AUSTIN N, DAS M, OYERINDE A, et al. The liza field:from discovery to development[C]// Offshore Technology Conference. USA: Offshore Technology Conference,2021:4-11.

[18] HERMESTON S A, TORRES M, KEAN A, et al. New exploration in the proven petroleum system of the Suriname offshore basin, Suriname[C]// 67th EAGE Conference & Exhibition.Spain:European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers,2005:1-73.

[19] 刘小兵, 窦立荣. 国际大油公司深水油气勘探实践及启示:以圭亚那斯塔布鲁克区块为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(3):78-89.

[20] LIU Xiaobing, DOU Lirong. Practice and enlightenment of deepwater petroleum exploration of international major oil companies:a case study of Guyana Stabroek Block[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(3):78-89.

[21] YANG W, ESCALONA A. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Guyana Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2011, 95(8):1339-1368.

[22] TORRADO L. Tectono-stratigraphic controls on petroleum system elements in passive margin settings:studies of the western Nicaraguan rise and the deep-water,foz do Amazonas Basin,Brazil[D]. Houston, USA: University of Houston,2018:22-36.

[23] UGWU-OJU O. Clinothems of the Cretaceous Berbice Canyon,offshore Guyana[M]. Colorado,USA: Colorado School of Mines, 2018:31-50.

[24] BASILE C, GIRAULT I, PAQUETTE J L, et al. The Jurassic magmatism of the demerara plateau(offshore French Guiana)as a remnant of the Sierra Leone hotspot during the Atlantic rifting[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1):7486.

[25] CORCORAN D V, DORE A G. Top seal assessment in exhumed basin settings:ome insights from atlantic margin and borderland basins[M]. Norwegian: Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications,2002:89-107.

[26] MEYERS P A, BERNASCONI S M, FORSTER A. Origins and accumulation of organic matter in expanded Albian to Santonian black shale sequences on the Demerara rise,South American margin[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2006, 37(12):1816-1830.

[27] TRUDE J, KILSDONK B, GROW T, et al. The structure and tectonics of the Guyana Basin[J]. Geological Society Special Publications, 2023,524:367-386.

[28] GOUYET S, UNTERNEHR P, MASCLE A. The French Guyana margin and the demerara plateau:geological history and petroleum plays[M]. Berlin,Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1994:411-422.

[29] GOSS S, MOSHER D, WACH G D. Continental margin development of the equatorial atlantic gateway:suriname,South America[C]// Central Atlantic Conjugate Margins Conference. Halifax: Geological Association of Canada,2008:282-291.

[30] PINDELL J. Geologic rationale for hydrocarbon exploration in the Caribbean and adjacent regions[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1991, 14(2):237-258.

[31] MANN D H, HAMILTON T D. Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironments of the North Pacific coast[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1995, 14(5):449-471.

[32] NIFUKU K, KOBAYASHI Y, ARAKI Y, et al. Overpressure evolution controlled by spatial and temporal changes in the sedimentation rate:insights from a basin modelling study in offshore Suriname[J]. Basin Research, 2021, 33(2):1293-1314.

[33] REUBER K R, PINDELL J, HORN B W. Demerara rise,offshore Suriname:magma-rich segment of the central Atlantic Ocean, and conjugate to the bahamas hot spot[J]. Interpretation, 2016, 4(2):141-155.

[34] SALISBUER M H, SHINOHARA M, RICHTER C, et al. Proceedings of the ocean drilling program,initial reports,195:seafloor observatories and the Kuroshio current-sites 1200-1202[C]// Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. USA: Texas A & M University,2002:195.

[35] WORKMAN W. Guyana Basin:a new exploration focus[J]. World Oil, 2000, 221(5):55-59.

[36] YANG W X, ESCALONA A. Cretaceous source rock maturity evaluation in the research area[C]// 73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC.Stavanger, Norway: European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers,2011:194-238.

[37] 王忠伟, 肖杨, 占王忠, 等. 羌塘盆地东部上三叠统巴贡组泥岩特征及油气地质意义[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2022, 46(2):1-12.

[38] WANG Zhongwei, XIAO Yang, ZHAN Wangzhong, et al. Geochemical characteristics of the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation mudstones in Eastern Qiangtang Basin and its petroleum geological significance[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2022, 46(2):1-12.

[39] RICHIANO S, VARELA A N, GOMEZ-PERAL L E, et al. Composition of the Lower Cretaceous source rock from the Austral Basin(Río Mayer Formation,Patagonia,Argentina):regional implication for unconventional reservoirs in the Southern Andes[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, 66(4):764-790.

[40] 张明星, 郭耿生, 张琳琪. 济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力综合评价[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2017, 41(3):34-43.

[41] ZHANG Mingxing, GUO Gengsheng, ZHANG Linqi. Comprehensive evaluation of geochemical characteristic and hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Qingdong Sag,Jiyang Depression[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2017, 41(3):34-43.

[42] 张心罡, 庞宏, 庞雄奇, 等. 四川盆地上二叠统龙潭组烃源岩生、排烃特征及资源潜力[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(3):621-632.

[43] ZHANG Xingang, PANG Hong, PANG Xiongqi, et al. Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics and resource potential of source rocks in the Longtan Formation of Upper Permian,Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(3):621-632.

[44] YANG Z, ZOU C N. ＂Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen＂:connotation and prospects of source rock oil and gas[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(1):181-193.

[45] 宋春彦, 王剑, 付修根, 等. 羌塘盆地东部上三叠统巴贡组烃源岩特征及意义[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2018, 42(5):104-114.

[46] SONG Chunyan, WANG Jian, FU Xiugen, et al. Geochemical characteristics and the significance of the Upper Triassic hydrocarbon source rocks of the Bagong Formation in the Eastern Qiangtang Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2018, 42(5): 104-114.

[47] NIBBELINK K. Reservoir,source and migration variation,deep water Guyana/Suriname Basin[C]// First EAGE Guyana-Suriname Basin Conference.Houten, Netherlands: European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers,2022:1.

[48] ROUBY D, LOPAREV A, CHARDON D, et al. Sediment routing systems to the Atlantic rifted margin of the Guiana Shield[J]. Geosphere, 2023, 19(3):957-974.

[49] 周永胜, 吴伟, 冯建伟, 等. 致密碳酸盐岩气藏裂缝预测及主控因素分析:以四川盆地 G 气田震旦系灯影组为例[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2024, 48(2):102-115.

[50] ZHOU Yongsheng, WU Wei, FENG Jianwei, et al. Fracture prediction and main controlling factors analysis of tight carbonate gas reservoir:take the Sinian Dengying Formation of G Gas Field in Sichuan Basin as an example[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2024, 48(2):102-115.

[51] 邓运华, 贾怀存, 刘琼. 大西洋被动陆缘盆地深水区油气藏形成机理与勘探实践[J]. 中国海上油气, 2021, 33(6):1-10.

[52] DENG Yunhua, JIA Huaicun, LIU Qiong. Formation mechanism and exploration practice of oil and gas reservoirs in deepwater areas of passive continental margin basin in Atlantic Ocean[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2021, 33(6):1-10.

[53] LEO C, MAAIJWEE C, VAN DE WEERD A A, et al. Reservoir characterization and modelling of the Paleocene Tambaredjo field, Suriname[C]// 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015.Madrid,Spain:EAGE Publications BV,2015:1293-1314.

[54] 庞雄奇, 周新源, 姜振学, 等. 叠合盆地油气藏形成、演化与预测评价[J]. 地质学报, 2012, 86(1):1-103.

[55] PANG Xiongqi, ZHOU Xinyuan, JIANG Zhenxue, et al. Hydrocarbon reservoirs formation,evolution,prediction and evaluation in the superimposed basins[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(1):1-103.

[56] 陶叶, 何幼斌, 刘建宁, 等. 尼日尔三角洲陆上区油气差异分布主控因素[J]. 中国科技论文, 2022, 17(9):992-1000.

[57] TAO Ye, HE Youbin, LIU Jianning, et al. Main controlling factors of oil and gas differential distribution in onshore area of Niger Delta[J]. China Sciencepaper, 2022, 17(9):992-1000.

基金资助

国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFC0603104)