高压低渗透碎屑岩储层孔隙结构特征及分类评价——以茑歌海盆地东方 A-1区黄流组一段为例

Pore structure characteristics and classification evaluation of high-pressure and low-permeability clastic reservoir: taking the first member of Huangliu Formation in Dongfang A-1 Area of Yinggehai Basin as an ex-ample

摘要

为揭示低渗储层的微观孔喉差异，根据岩心、测井、测试和岩心实验分析等资料，采用分形理论和多层感知器神经网络方法，分析储层孔隙结构特征，进行储层量化表征。结果表明：储层岩性以细砂岩和粉砂岩为主，受超压保护及沉积-成岩作用影响，主水道储层粒度相对较粗，原生粒间孔占比可达 60% ；泥质质量分数越高，粒间孔越不发育；压力因数越高，粒间孔越发育，压力因数每提高 0.1 ，储层中粒间孔隙占比增加 5 \mathrm{\%} \sim 10 \mathrm{\%} 。低渗储层分 4 种类型：I 类储层，表现为中孔、低渗特征，压汞曲线具有明显的平台段，孔喉或核磁曲线为单峰分布特征，T₂ 弛豫时间的主峰分布在 40 ms 附近，可动流体饱和度平均为 53.2% ；II 类储层，表现为中孔、低渗特征，孔隙度与I类储层的相当，渗透率明显降低，压汞曲线表现一定的平台段，但进汞曲线末段斜率明显增大，孔喉或核磁曲线呈双峰分布特征，右峰 T₂ 弛豫时间在 60 ms 附近，左峰的在 10 ms 附近；III类和 IV 类储层，分别表现为中孔、特低渗和低孔、特低渗特征，压汞曲线无明显平台段，大孔喉与I、II类储层相比，孔喉形态更加复杂，孔喉和核磁曲线呈单峰分布，孔喉半径和 T₂ 弛豫时间峰值逐渐向左偏移，可动流体饱和度小于 20% 。优选密度、中子、电阻和自然伽马参数建立基于 MLP 的储层类型测井识别方法，储层识别正确率达 86.7% ，与岩心实验分析吻合率达 88.9% ，产能匹配性较好。该结果可为研究区低渗气藏的有效开发提供依据。

Abstract

To further reveal the microscopic pore-throat differences in low-permeability reservoirs, based on the data of core, logging, testing and core experimental analysis, we used fractal theory and multilayer perceptron neural network method to comprehensively analyze the pore structure characteristics of the reservoir and study the quantitative characterization of the reservoir. The results show that the lithology of the reservoir is dominated by fine sandstone and siltstone, which is affected by overpressure protection and sedimentation and rock-forming effect, the grain size of the main watercourse reservoir is relatively coarse, and the proportion of primary intergranular pores can be up to 60%. The higher the quality fraction of mud mass, the more underdeveloped the intergranular pores are; the higher the pressure factor is, the more intergranular pores are developed. For every increase of 0.1 in the pressure factor, the proportion of intergranular pores in the reservoir can be increased by 5 \mathrm{\%} - 10 \mathrm{\%}. The low-permeability reservoirs are divided into four types: type I reservoirs are characterized by mesoporous and low-permeability features, the pressure mercury curve has an obvious platform section, the pore throat or NMR curve is characterized by a single-peak distribution, the main peak of the T₂ relaxation time is distributed in the vicinity of 40 ms, and the saturation degree of movable fluid is 53.2% on average; type II reservoirs are characterized by mesoporous and low-permeability features, with comparable porosity to type I reservoirs and significantly lower permeability, the pressure mercury curve shows a certain platform section, but the slope of the last section of the mercury curve increases significantly, the pore throat or NMR curve shows a bimodal distribution, with the T₂ relaxation time of the right peak near 60 ms and that of the left peak near 10 ms ; type III and type IV reservoirs show the characteristics of medium-porosity, extra-low seepage, and low porosity and extra-low seepage, respectively. There is no obvious platform section of the pressed mercury curve, and the large pore throat has a more complex morphology compared with that of the type I and type II reservoirs, with a single-peak distribution of pore throat and NMR curve. NMR curves show single-peak distribution, pore throat radius and T₂ relaxation time peak gradually shifted to the left, and movable fluid saturation is less than 20%. The four parameters of density, neutron, electrical resistance and natural gamma are preferred to establish the logging identification method of reservoir type based on MLP, and the correct rate of reservoir identification reaches 86.7%, and the agreement rate with the analysis of core experiments reaches 88. 9%, which is a good match with the production capacity. The research results can provide a basis for the effective development of low-permeability gas reservoirs in the study area.

关键词

低渗碎屑岩储层 / 孔隙结构特征 / 分类评价 / 东方区 / 黄流组 / 莺歌海盆地

Key words

low-permeability clastic reservoir / pore structure characterization / classification and evaluation / Dongfang Area / Huangliu Formation / Yinggehai Basin

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基金资助

海南省＂南海新星＂科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202368)

中海油有限公司重大科研项目(KJZH-2023-2102)