准噶尔盆地南缘中段喀拉扎组成岩相类型及优质储层主控因素

Diagenetic facies types and main controlling factors for the high quality reservoirs of the Kalazha Formation in the middle part of the southern margin of Junggar Basin

摘要

准噶尔盆地南缘中段储层获得高产油气流，油气勘探潜力巨大，但优质储层主控因素不明确。采用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和物性测试等方法，结合测、录井等钻井资料，分析盆地南缘中段喀拉扎组储层成岩作用类型、强度及其演化特征，明确优质储层的主控因素。结果表明：喀拉扎组储层主要发育岩屑砂岩，成分成熟度低，结构成熟度中等，储集空间以残余粒间孔为主。喀拉扎组储层受沉积因素、成岩相及地层温压条件控制，沉积作用是优质储层发育的基础，成岩作用是储层改造的关键因素。储层可划分为中压实一弱胶结相、中压实一中胶结相、中压实一强胶结相和强压实致密相 4 种成岩相，其中中压实-弱胶结相物性最好，为最有利储层，主要发育于水下分流河道微相；中压实-中胶结相物性次之，主要发育于河口坝微相；中压实一强胶结相和强压实致密相物性最差，为非储层。异常高压和持续降低的地温梯度有效降低压实作用的影响，也是储层物性保存的重要因素。该结果为研究区下一步的勘探开发提供指导。

Abstract

The southern margin of the Junggar Basin has the potential for oil and gas exploration, as evidenced by the high flow of oil and gas in the Kalazha Formation reservoirs of its middle section. However, the factors responsible for the high-quality reservoirs are still unclear. By analyzing and testing methods such as thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, and physical property testing, combined with drilling data such as logging data, the diagenetic process types, intensity, and evolutionary characteristics of the Kalazha Formation reservoir in the middle section of the southern margin are analyzed. And the controlling factors of high-quality reservoirs are identified. The results show that Kalazha Formation mainly consists of lithic sandstone with low compositional maturity and medium structural maturity, with residual intergranular pores dominating the reservoir space. The reservoirs of the Kalazha Formation are controlled by sedimentary factors, diagenetic facies, and lithostatic pressuretemperature conditions, sedimentation is the foundation for the development of high-quality reservoirs, diagenesis is the key factor in reservoir modification. Four diagenetic facies can be identified and classified within this section: medium-compaction and weak cementation, medium-compaction and medium cementation, medium-compaction and strong cementation, and strong-compaction and dense. The medi-um-compaction and weak cementation facies had the best physical properties and was the most favorable reservoir, it was mainly developed in the underwater distributary channels microfacies. The mediumcompaction and medium cementation facies had the second-best physical properties and was mainly developed in the mouth bars microfacies. On the other hand, the medium-compaction and strong cementation and strong-compaction and dense facies had the worst physical properties and were non-reservoirs; anomalously high pressure and a sustained decrease in geothermal gradient effectively reduce the impact of compaction and are important factors in preserving reservoir properties. The results provide guidance for the future exploration and development in the study area.

关键词

成岩相 / 成岩作用 / 储层控因素 / 喀拉扎组 / 准噶尔盆地南缘

Key words

diagenetic facies / diagenesis / reservoir controlling factor / Kalazha Formation / southern margin of Junggar Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42130813)