渤海海域渤南低凸起变质岩潜山裂缝 特征及其控制因素

Characteristics and controlling factors of metamorphic buried hills fractures in Bonan Low Uplift, Bohai Sea Area

摘要

裂缝发育程度对基岩潜山储层形成有关键控制作用。以近期渤海新发现超亿吨级基岩潜山油田——渤中 26-6 油气田为例，根据钻井、地震、测井及分析化验资料，明确变质岩潜山裂缝发育特征，探讨影响裂缝发育的主控因素，建立储层发育模式。结果表明：研究区潜山以太古宇变质花岗岩为主要储层岩性，储集空间类型主要为构造裂缝，同时发育沿裂缝形成的溶蚀孔，垂向上可将潜山储层分为风化裂缝带及基岩裂缝带。潜山储层发育主要受岩性、构造运动及风化作用共同控制，研究区 90% 的岩石为富含长英质矿物的变质花岗岩，是裂缝发育的优势岩性。印支运动期，强烈挤压造山运动为潜山裂缝的发育提供关键动力，构造位置差异控制平面上储层发育非均质性；燕山运动期，走滑运动进一步形成新的 NE 向裂缝，造成局部裂缝异常发育。潜山持续暴露使距潜山顶面 220 m 以内遭受风化淋滤，显著改善储层质量，控制潜山储层垂向上的分带。该结果为渤海湾盆地及其他类似变质岩潜山油气勘探提供参考。

Abstract

Regarding the terrestrial fault basin of the bedrock buried hill, the degree of fracture development plays a key controlling role in the formation of this type of buried hill reservoir. Taking the recently discovered over 100 million ton bedrock buried hill oilfield in Bohai, the BZ 26-6 oil and gas field, as an example, this study comprehensively utilizes drilling, seismic, logging, and analytical data to clarify the characteristics of fracture development in metamorphic rock buried hills, explore the main controlling factors affecting fracture development, and establish a reservoir development model. The results indicate that the main reservoir lithology of the buried hills in the study area is the Archean metamorphic granite, and the storage space type is mainly structural fractures. At the same time, dissolution pores formed along the fractures are developed. Vertically, the buried hill reservoirs can be divided into weathered fracture zones and bedrock fracture zones. The development of buried hill reservoirs is mainly controlled by lithology, structure, and weathering. The 90% of the rocks in the study area are metamorphic granite rich in felsic minerals, which are the dominant lithology for fractures development. The strong compression orogeny during the Indosinian period provided key impetus for the development of buried hills fractures, and the differences in structural positions controlled the heterogeneity of reservoir development on the plane. The Yanshanian strike slip movement further formed new NE oriented fractures, resulting in the development of local fractures. The continuous exposure of the buried hill has caused weathering and leaching within 220 m from the top surface, significantly improving reservoir quality and controlling the vertical zoning of the buried hills reservoir. This result provides a reference for oil and gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin and other similar metamorphic buried hills.

关键词

变质岩潜山 / 储层 / 裂缝特征 / 主控因素 / 发育模式 / 渤南低凸起 / 渤海海域

Key words

metamorphic buried hills / reservoir / fracture characteristics / main controlling factors / developmental patterns / Bonan Low Uplift / Bohai Sea Area

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基金资助

中国海洋石油集团有限公司＂十四五＂重大科技项目(KJGG2022-0302)