渝西地区须家河组辫状河三角洲沉积特征及演化模式

Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of braided river delta of the Xujiahe Formation in Western Chongqing Area

摘要

基于渝西地区须家河组钻测井、岩心、野外及地震资料，采用地层对比、沉积相分析及地震属性刻画等方法，研究须家河组沉积特征及演化模式。结果表明：渝西地区须家河组为发育于盆缘斜坡部位的辩状河三角洲沉积，发育辫状河三角洲平原辨流河道、越岸沉积、前缘水下分流河道、河口坝和远砂坝等沉积微相，湖泊相分布相对局限；沉积演化受温暖湿润-炎热干燥古气候波动影响下的湖平面变化及可容空间变化和沉积物供给的相对关系（A/S 比值）控制，须三、须五段沉积时期，气候温暖湿润，湖盆水体加深， A/S 比值增大，区内主要发育辨状河三角洲前缘沉积，须四、须六段沉积时期，气候炎热，蒸发量增大，湖盆变浅， A/S 比值减小，以发育辨状河三角洲平原为主，厚层砂体连片发育，是致密砂岩储层发育的主力层段。该结果为晚三叠世川东地区古地理格局及须家河组致密油气勘探提供依据。

Abstract

In order to clarify the sedimentary characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Chongqing Area. In this study of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Chongqing Area, based on drilling, logging, core, field and seismic data, sedimentary characteristics and evolution patterns were investigated using techniques such as stratigraphic correlation, sedimentary facies analysis, and seismic attribute characterization. The results indicate that: the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Chongqing Area mainly consists of braided river delta deposits developed on the slope of the basin margin, with sedimentary microfacies including braided river delta plain braid channel, overbank deposits, subaqueous distributary channels, river mouth bars and distal sand bars, and a relatively limited distribution of lacustrine facies; the sedimentary evolution of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Chongqing Area is controlled by lake level changes and A/S ratio fluctuations under warm-humid to hot-dry ancient climatic conditions, establishing an evolution model for braided river deltas in the region; during the deposition of the Xujiahe Formation, the climate was warm and humid in the Xu III and Xu V stages, with deepening lake water and increasing A/S ratio, mainly developing front deposits of braided river deltas in the area; in the Xu IV and Xu VI stages, the climate was hot, with increased evaporation, shallowing lake basin, and decreasing A/S ratio, primarily developing delta plain of braided river deltas, during which thick sand bodies were continuously developed, forming the main reservoir intervals for tight sandstones in the area. The research results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the Late Triassic paleogeography of the Eastern Sichuan Area and the exploration of tight oil and gas in the Xujiahe Formation in the study area.

关键词

辫状河三角洲 / 致密砂岩 / 沉积演化 / 须家河组 / 四川盆地 / 渝西地区

Key words

braided river delta / tight sandstone / sedimentary evolution / Xujiahe Formation / Sichuan Basin / Western Chongqing Area

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42072140)

国家自然科学基金项目(42102133)

国家自然科学基金项目(42202170)

重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0031)

重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1166)

重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTC2021JCYJ-MSXMX0455)

重庆市教委科技重大项目(KJZD-M202101502)

重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202201511)