塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜一大北地区差异成藏过程及控藏因素

Pore structure differential accumulation process and reservoir controlling factors in Bozi-Dabei Area, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

摘要

基于平衡剖面恢复、生烃过程模拟、岩心观察、流体包裹体测试、地层水地球化学数据、胶结物碳氧同位素和测井数据等资料，研究塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜一大北地区巴什基奇克组二段（巴二段）差异成藏过程及控藏因素。结果表明：博孜-大北地区巴二段发育一系列逆冲断层和断背斜圈闭，圈闭幅度和闭合高度由北向南逐渐降低，形成时间逐渐变晚；烃源岩充注强度由北向南逐渐减弱，生烃时间逐渐变晚。巴二段整体具有早期聚油和晚期聚气的特征，受控于烃源岩热演化程度和构造演化过程，不同地区和区带的油气成藏期次存在差别；博孜一大北地区南带巴二段快速深埋时间极晚，导致油气充注期次和储层致密化时间晚于中北带的。不同地区和区带之间的差异成藏过程受控于圈闭条件、烃源岩充注强度、油气充注期次、储层非均质性和保存条件等因素；圈闭幅度越大、生烃时间越早、充注强度越强、优质储层占比越高、保存条件越好，巴二段油气水分异越彻底，产量越高。该结果为库车坳陷及其他具有相似地质条件的地区油气勘探提供依据。

Abstract

Based on cross section restoration, hydrocarbon generation process simulation, core observation, fluid inclusion test, formation water geochemical data, cement carbon and oxygen isotopes and well logging data, the differential accumulation process and controlling factors of the second member of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation (K₁bs²) in the Bozi-Dabei Area of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, are systematically studied. The results show that a series of thrust faults and fault-anticlinal traps developed in the K₁bs² in Bozi-Dabei Area. The tectonic compression strength gradually weakened towards the south, resulting in decreased trap amplitude, closure height, and late trap formation time. The thickest center of source rock is located in the northern piedmont zone with reduced charging intensity and delayed hydrocarbon generation time. The K₁bs² exhibits characteristics of early oil accumulation followed by late gas accumulation, but its stages are influenced by both thermal evolution degree of source rock and tectonic evolution process within different zones. The rapid deep burial time of the K₁bs² in the southern zone of Bozi-Dabei Area is very late, resulting in the oil and gas charging period and reservoir densification time later than that in the central zone. The different accumulation processes in different zones of the K₁bs² in Bozi-Dabei Area are controlled by trap conditions, source rock charging intensity, oil and gas charging periods, reservoir heterogeneity and preservation conditions. The larger the trap range, the earlier the hydrocarbon generation time, the stronger the charging intensity, the higher the proportion of high-quality reservoirs and the better the preservation conditions, the more complete the oil-gas-water differentiation and the higher the production. This study can provide geological basis for the exploration direction of oil and gas of Kuqa Depression and other areas with similar geological conditions.

关键词

构造挤压 / 生烃演化 / 充注期次 / 差异成藏过程 / 控藏因素 / 博孜一大北地区 / 库车坳陷 / 塔里木盆地

Key words

tectonic compression / hydrocarbon generation evolution / charging period / different accumulation processes / control factors / Bozi-Dabei Area / Kuqa Depression / Tarim Basin

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基金资助

中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ14YJ02)