水驱稠油油藏分段水淹水平井产能预测及控水策略

Production prediction and water control strategy for segmented water flooding horizontal wells in water flooding heavy oil reservoirs

摘要

海上稠油油田进入特高含水阶段，钻遇部分水淹储层的分段水淹水平井成为新投产油井的主要类型。为解决分段水淹水平井产能预测难度大、机械控水措施界限不清等问题，基于微元理论，将分段水淹水平井产能预测等效为多个微元水平段段间干扰，油相流动考虑稠油启动压力梯度，应用势的叠加原理和镜像原理，建立油藏渗流与井筒压降耦合的水驱稠油油藏分段水淹水平井产能预测模型，研究分段水淹水平井产液规律。结果表明：考虑井筒摩擦阻力后，水平井微元段的径向流量呈不对称＂U＂型，跟部水淹段对产能的影响高于趾部和中部的；定液量条件下，水淹水平段渗流阻力小，阻碍未水淹段油相的产出，导致水平井生产初期高含水，在相同水淹程度下，水淹水平段长度比例越大，水平井含水率越高，对水平井干扰程度越大。该结果对水驱稠油油田分段水淹水平井产能预测和机械控水策略具有指导作用。

Abstract

After offshore heavy oil fields enter the ultra-high water-cut stage, segmented water flooding horizontal wells have become the main type of new oil wells. In order to solve problems such as the great difficulty in predicting the productivity of segmented water flooding horizontal wells and the unclear boundaries of water control strategy, based on the micro-element theory, the productivity prediction of segmented water flooding horizontal wells is equivalent to the inter-segment interference of many micro-element horizontal sections. The threshold pressure gradient of heavy oil is considered for the oilphase flow. By applying the superposition principle of potential and the mirror image principle, a productivity prediction model for staged water-flooded horizontal wells in water-drive heavy oil reservoirs is established, which couples the reservoir seepage and wellbore pressure drop for solution. The results show that: after considering the wellbore friction, the radial flow rate of the micro-element section of the horizontal well presents an asymmetric "U" shape, and the impact of the water-flooded section at the heel on productivity is higher than that at the toe and the middle part. Under the condition of constant liquid volume, the seepage resistance of the water-flooded section is small, which hinders the production of the oil phase in the non-water-flooded section, resulting in a high water cut in the initial production stage of the horizontal well. Under the same degree of water flooding, the larger the proportion of the length of the water-flooded section, the higher the water cut of the horizontal well, the greater the interference to the horizontal well. This result has guiding significance for the productivity prediction of staged water-flooded horizontal wells and the mechanical water control strategy in water-drive heavy oil fields.

关键词

稠油油藏 / 油水两相渗流 / 分段水淹水平井 / 特高含水期 / 水平井控水 / 启动压力梯度

Key words

heavy oil reservoir / oil-water two-phase seepage / segment water-flooded horizontal well / ul-tra-high water cut stage / horizontal well water control / threshold pressure gradient

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基金资助

中海石油（中国）有限公司重大科研项目(KJZH-2024-2204)