川中古隆起北斜坡下寒武统沧浪铺组一段混合沉积特征及模式

Mixed sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary models of the first member of Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in the northern slope area of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

摘要

川中古隆起北斜坡下寒武统沧浪铺组发育混合沉积。根据典型钻井岩心、岩屑薄片观察和测井资料,分析下寒武统沧浪铺组一段(沧一段)岩石学特征、沉积环境和成岩作用,探讨混合沉积类型及特征,刻画混积岩的空间分布,揭示研究区混合沉积的主控因素及沉积模式。结果表明:研究区下寒武统沧一段微观上表现为陆源碎屑组分与碳酸盐组分频繁互层或相互杂糅,形成具有混合沉积特征的混积岩;宏观上发育混积岩层系、碎屑岩-混积岩层系、碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩层系及碳酸盐岩-混积岩层系,不同混积层系组合成复合式Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型及渐变式等混合沉积类型。沧一段混合沉积主要受海平面升降变化、构造运动及风暴作用影响,还受微生物及古杯生物黏结捕获陆源碎屑物质影响。与龙王庙组混合沉积相比,沧一段陆源石英颗粒的体积分数、粒径和混积强度大,混积类型丰富,混积层系多,有利储层发育于弱混积颗粒滩或无陆源碎屑物质混入的颗粒滩。该结果为四川盆地沧浪铺组下一步的油气勘探和开发提供依据。

Abstract

In the north slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift, the Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Formation exhibits mixed sedimentation, with complex exploration conditions. Based on the observation of typical well core and thin section of the Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in the north slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift, the rock geological characteristics, sedimentary environment, and diagenesis of the first member of Canglangpu Formation are analyzed, and the characteristics and types of mixed sedimentation are discussed. Combining well logging data and core analysis, the spatial distribution of mixed sediments is depicted, and the controlling factors and sedimentation patterns of mixed sediments in the study area are revealed. The results show that on a microscopic level, the first member of Canglangpu Formation mixed sedimentation is characterized by frequent alternating or interweaving of terrigenous clastic components and carbonate rock components, resulting in mixed sedimentary rocks with mixed sedimentation characteristics. On a macroscopic level, the mixed sedimentation in the first member of Canglangpu Formation is characterized by a variety of complex mixed sedimentary sequences, such as mixed sedimentary rock sequences, clastic rock-mixed sedimentary rock sequences, clastic rock-carbonate rock sequences, and carbonate rock-mixed sedimentary rock sequences. Different mixed sedimentary sequences form composite type I mixed sedimentary structures, composite type Ⅱ mixed sedimentary structures, and gradual type mixed sedimentary structures, etc. The mixed sediments of the first member of Canglangpu Formation are mainly affected by sea level fluctuation, tectonic movement and storm action, and are also influenced by the terrigenous debris captured by microorganisms and palaeo-cup organisms. Compared with the Longwangmiao Formation mixed sedimentation, the proportions of terrigenous quartz grain volume, size, and mixed sedimentation intensity in the first member of Canglangpu Formation are greater than that in the Longwangmiao Formation, and the types of mixed sedimentation are more diverse, the mixed sedimentary sequences are more complex, and favorable reservoirs develop in weakly mixed sedimentary gravel bars or gravel. The results provide a basis for the next step of oil and gas exploration and development in the Canglangpu Formation of the Sichuan Basin.

关键词

混积岩 / 混积层系 / 混合沉积类型 / 沉积特征 / 沉积模式 / 沧浪铺组 / 寒武统 / 川中古隆起

Key words

mixed sedimentary rock / mixed sedimentary sequences / mixed sedimentary type / sedimentary characteristics / sedimentary models / Canglangpu Formation / Cambrian / Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

参考文献

[1] 陈培元 . 阿联酋X油田下白垩统哈布桑组上段海相碳酸盐岩储层成因机制[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2021, 45(4): 1-14.

[2] CHEN Peiyuan . Genetic mechanism of marine carbonate reservoir in upper member of Lower Cretaceous Habshan Formation, X Oilfield, United Arab Emirates[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2021, 45(4): 1-14.

[3] 李明隆, 谭秀成, 李延钧, 等 . 四川盆地南部地区上二叠统长兴组沉积微相研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2020, 27(3): 66-73.

[4] LI Minglong , TAN Xiucheng , LI Yanjun , et al. Sedimentary microfacies characterization of Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2020, 27(3): 66-73.

[5] 唐松, 岳大力, 谭磊, 等 . 川中北斜坡地区沧浪铺组一段颗粒滩特征及分布[J]. 断块油气田, 2023, 30(5): 822-830.

[6] TANG Song , YUE Dali , TAN Lei , et al. Characteristics and distribution of grain shoal in the first member of Canglangpu Formation in the north slope area of Central Sichuan Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2023, 30(5): 822-830.

[7] 文舰, 彭军, 陈友莲, 等 . 四川盆地中部-北部地区沧浪铺组层序地层研究[J]. 断块油气田, 2020, 27(4): 424-431.

[8] WEN Jian , PENG Jun , CHEN Youlian , et al. Study on sequence stratigraphy of Canglangpu Formation in the Central-Northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2020, 27(4): 424-431.

[9] 刘仿韩, 苏春乾, 杨友运, 等 . 米仓山南坡寒武系沉积相分析[J]. 长安大学学报(地球科学版), 1987, 9(4): 1-12.

[10] LIU Fanghan , SU Chunqian , YANG Youyun , et al. Sedimentary facies analysis of Cambrian in the south of Micang Mountain[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Earth Science Edition), 1987, 9(4): 1-12.

[11] 王振宇, 曾浩, 屈海洲, 等 . 四川盆地北部地区寒武系沧浪铺组沉积演化[J]. 断块油气田, 2023, 30(5): 808-815.

[12] WANG Zhenyu , ZENG Hao , QU Haizhou , et al. Sedimentary evolution of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in Northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2023, 30(5): 808-815.

[13] 屈海洲, 邹兵, 张连进, 等 . 川中北部地区寒武系第二统沧浪铺组一段孔隙特征、成因及演化模式[J]. 沉积学报, 2024, 42(5): 1723-1737.

[14] QU Haizhou , ZOU Bing , ZHANG Lianjin , et al. Pore characteristics, genesis, and evolution model of the first member of the Canglangpu Formation from the Cambrian Series 2 in the Central and Northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2024, 42(5): 1723-1737.

[15] 佟欢, 朱世发, 崔航, 等 . 渤海湾盆地桩海地区古近系沙河街组一段-二段混积岩优质储层特征与控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(4): 1106-1120.

[16] TONG Huan , ZHU Shifa , CUI Hang , et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of high-quality reservoirs of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments in the 1st to 2nd members of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Zhuanghai Area, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 45(4): 1106-1120.

[17] 曾楷, 李飞, 龚峤林, 等 . 寒武系第二统仙女洞组混合沉积特征及古环境意义:以川北旺苍唐家河剖面为例[J]. 沉积学报, 2020, 38(1): 166-181.

[18] ZENG Kai , LI Fei , GONG Qiaolin , et al. Characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentation in the Xiannüdong Formation, Cambrian (series 2): a case study from the Tangjiahe Section, Wangcang, Northern Sichuan[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(1): 166-181.

[19] MOUNT J F . Mixing of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments in shallow shelf environments[J]. Geology, 1984, 12(7): 432-435.

[20] 杨朝青, 沙庆安 . 云南曲靖中泥盆统曲靖组的沉积环境:一种陆源碎屑与海相碳酸盐的混合沉积[J]. 沉积学报, 1990, 8(2): 59-66.

[21] YANG Chaoqing , SHA Qing'an . Sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian Qujing Formation, Qujing, Yunnan Province: a kind of mixing sedimentation of terrigenous clastics and carbonate[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1990, 8(2): 59-66.

[22] 张雄华 . 混积岩的分类和成因[J]. 地质科技情报, 2000, 19(4): 31-34.

[23] ZHANG Xionghua . Classification and origin of mixosedimentite[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2000, 19(4): 31-34.

[24] 马艳萍, 刘立 . 大港滩海区第三系湖相混积岩的成因与成岩作用特征[J]. 沉积学报, 2003, 21(4): 607-614.

[25] MA Yanping , LIU Li . Sedimentary and diagenetic characteristics of Paleogene lacustrine “hunji” rock in beach district, Dagang[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(4): 607-614.

[26] 陈世悦, 张顺, 刘惠民, 等 . 湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用探讨[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(2): 271-284.

[27] CHEN Shiyue , ZHANG Shun , LIU Huimin , et al. Discussion on mixing of fine-grained sediments in lacustrine deep water[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2017, 19(2): 271-284.

[28] 杨成, 王海军, 王东, 等 . 川西南井研地区灯影组沉积相及沉积模式[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2020, 44(5): 59-69.

[29] YANG Cheng , WANG Haijun , WANG Dong , et al. Sedimentary characteristics and model of Dengying Formation in Jingyan Area, Southwest Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2020, 44(5): 59-69.

[30] 徐少立, 马奎, 杨强, 等 . 四川盆地蓬莱气区震旦系灯影组二段储层特征及其控制因素[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(2): 47-56.

[31] XU Shaoli , MA Kui , YANG Qiang , et al. Reservoir characteristics of the second member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Penglai Gas Area of Sichuan Basin and their controlling factors[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 31(2): 47-56.

[32] 汪泽成, 姜华, 王铜山, 等 . 四川盆地桐湾期古地貌特征及成藏意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41(3): 305-312.

[33] WANG Zecheng , JIANG Hua , WANG Tongshan , et al. Paleo-geomorphology formed during Tongwan tectonization in Sichuan Basin and its significance for hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(3): 305-312.

[34] 黄博宇 . 四川盆地震旦纪-早寒武世岩相古地理与裂陷槽演化[D].北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2018: 1-69.

[35] HUANG Boyu . The evolution of paleogeographic and rift trough during Sinian-Early Cambrian in Sichuan Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 2018: 1-69.

[36] 李亚丁, 陈友莲, 严威, 等 . 四川盆地寒武系沧浪铺组沉积演化特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(9): 1334-1346.

[37] LI Yading , CHEN Youlian , YAN Wei , et al. Research on sedimentary evolution characteristics of Cambrian Canglangpu Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(9): 1334-1346.

[38] 周刚, 杨岱林, 孙奕婷, 等 . 四川盆地及周缘寒武系沧浪铺组沉积充填过程及油气地质意义[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(5): 25-34.

[39] ZHOU Gang , YANG Dailin , SUN Yiting , et al. Sedimentary filling process and petroleum geological significance of Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 25-34.

[40] 严威, 罗冰, 周刚, 等 . 川中古隆起寒武系沧浪铺组下段天然气地质特征及勘探方向[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(2): 290-302.

[41] YAN Wei , LUO Bing , ZHOU Gang , et al. Natural gas geology and exploration direction of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(2): 290-302.

[42] 郭福生, 严兆彬, 杜杨松 . 混合沉积、混积岩和混积层系的讨论[J]. 地学前缘, 2003, 10(3): 68.

[43] GUO Fusheng , YAN Zhaobin , DU Yangsong . Discussion on mixed deposits, mixed deposits and mixed deposits series[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, 10(3): 68.

[44] 董桂玉, 陈洪德, 何幼斌, 等 . 陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积研究中的几点思考[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(9): 931-939.

[45] DONG Guiyu , CHEN Hongde , HE Youbin , et al. Some problems on the study of the mixed siliciclastic-sediments[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(9): 931-939.

[46] 杨波 . 碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩混积陆表海盆地层序与沉积体系研究:以塔里木盆地石炭系巴楚组为例[D].北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2012: 8.

[47] YANG Bo . Study on stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary system of clastic rock and carbonate mixed epicontinental basin: a case study of the Bachu Formation of Carboniferous System, Tarim Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2012: 8.

[48] 田立洲, 宋金民, 叶玥豪, 等 . 川中地区北部下寒武统沧浪铺组一段风暴岩特征及沉积地质意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(2): 299-310.

[49] TIAN Lizhou , SONG Jinmin , YE Yuehao , et al. Characteristics and sedimentary geological significance of tempestites in first member of Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in North Central Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(2): 299-310.

[50] 宋金民, 罗平, 刘树根, 等 . 塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统风暴岩及其地质意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2014, 21(6): 346-355.

[51] SONG Jinmin , LUO Ping , LIU Shugen , et al. Lower Cambrian tempestites and their geological significances in Sugaitblak Area, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2014, 21(6): 346-355.

[52] AGER D V . The nature of the stratigraphical record[M]. 3rd ed. London: MacMillan, 1973: 114.

[53] 刘宝珺, 张继庆, 许效松 . 四川兴文四龙下二叠统碳酸盐风暴岩[J]. 地质学报, 1986, 60(1): 55-67.

[54] LIU Baojun , ZHANG Jiqing , XU Xiaosong . On the calcareous tempestites in the Lower Permian of Silong, Xingwen, Sichuan[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1986, 60(1): 55-67.

[55] 张国仁 . 华北地台东部早中寒武世古气候的识别标志及变化旋回[J]. 辽宁地质, 1997(4): 282-290.

[56] ZHANG Guoren . Recognition marks and variation cycle of Early-Middle Cambrain paleoclimate in the east of North China Platform[J]. Liaoning Geology, 1997(4): 282-290.

[57] 张锦泉, 叶红专 . 论碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积[J]. 成都地质学院学报, 1989, 30(2): 87-93.

[58] ZHANG Jinquan , YE Hongzhuan . A study on carbonate and siliciclastic mixed sediments[J]. Journal of Chengdu College of Geology, 1989, 30(2): 87-93.

[59] 董桂玉, 何幼斌, 陈洪德, 等 . 惠民凹陷沙-中湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积:以山东商河地区为例[J]. 沉积学报, 2007, 25(3): 343-350.

[60] DONG Guiyu , HE Youbin , CHEN Hongde , et al. Mixed sedimentation of Carbonates of lagoonal facies and terrigenous clastics of the middle submember of member 1 of Shahejie Formation in Huimin Sag: taking Shanghe Area in Shandong Province for an example[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(3): 343-350.

[61] 江茂生, 沙庆安 . 碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积体系研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1995, 10(6): 551-555.

[62] JIANG Maosheng , SHA Qing'an . Research advances in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentary systems[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1995, 10(6): 551-555.

[63] 王瀚, 李智武, 刘树根, 等 . 扬子地台北缘城口地区上寒武统洗象池组风暴沉积特征及其地质意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(2): 176-184.

[64] WANG Han , LI Zhiwu , LIU Shugen , et al. Sedimentary characteristics and geological significance of tempestites in the Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation, Chengkou Area, northern margin of the Yangtze Platform[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41(2): 176-184.

[65] 金鑫, 宋金民, 刘树根, 等 . 西昌盆地新基姑地区大箐组风暴岩特征及其地质意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2021, 39(4): 908-917.

[66] JIN Xin , SONG Jinmin , LIU Shugen , et al. Characteristics and geological significance of tempestites in the Daqing Formation, Xinjigu Area, Xichang Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2021, 39(4): 908-917.

[67] GARTRELL A P . Rheological controls on extensional styles and the structural evolution of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia[J]. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2000, 47(2): 231-244.

[68] 汪涵, 吕奇奇, 高永亮, 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地青龙山剖面中寒武统沉积特征及沉积模式[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2024, 48(4): 1-15.

[69] WANG Han , LYU Qiqi , GAO Yongliang , et al. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution model of the Middle Cambrian in the Qinglongshan Section, Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2024, 48(4): 1-15.

[70] 王瀚, 李智武, 刘树根, 等 . 川北地区下寒武统龙王庙组混积特征及其对储层的影响[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(5): 663-673.

[71] WANG Han , LI Zhiwu , LIU Shugen , et al. Characteristics of mixed sediments and influence on reservoir of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, Northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41(5): 663-673.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(U2344209)

中国石油天然气股份有限公司科研项目(2023ZZ16YJ01)