断背斜储层物性演化及流固耦合数值模拟——以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系储层为例

Evolution of petrophysical properties and coupled hydraulic-mechanical modelling for fault-related anticline reservoirs: example from Cretaceous reservoirs in the Kelasu Structural Belt, Kuqa Depression

摘要

以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带逆冲断层相关褶皱为研究对象,分析断背斜储层的粒间体积分布特征,采用流固耦合数值方法模拟断背斜的形成过程与物性演化,评价构造挤压与流体流动对储层物性演化的控制作用。结果表明:在库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的断背斜形成过程中,储层处于压应变状态,受外弧扩张作用和逆断层的影响,断背斜的枢纽和后翼是高孔隙度储层的优势发育部位。晚期构造挤压型超压对储层储集空间的保护作用有限,保护孔隙度为0.25%~0.47%和0.18%~0.43%的断背斜枢纽和后翼免受构造挤压应力的破坏。压应变演化路径控制储层孔隙度演化,早期强压应变导致孔隙度快速下降,后期外弧扩张作用抵消部分压应变,早期损失的储层孔隙度不能完全恢复。该结果为挤压背景下的断背斜优质储层分布及预测提供依据。

Abstract

To better study the effects of structural strain and fluid overpressure on reservoir properties, this research focuses on the thrust-related folds in the Kelasu Structural Belt, Kuqa Depression. The intergranular volume distribution characteristics of the reservoir and a fluid-solid coupling numerical method are applied to analyze the formation process and property evolution of the faulted anticline. The study quantitatively evaluated the controlling effects of tectonic compression and fluid flow on the evolution of reservoir physical properties. The results showed that during the formation of a fault-related anticline on Kelasu Structural Belt, Kuqa Depression, the reservoir formation would be under compressive strain. Due to the stretching of the outer-arc of an anticline and associated thrust faulting, the hinge and back-limb of the fault-related anticline would become favorable reservoirs with relatively high porosity. In the late-stage, tectonic compression-induced overpressure would provide little protection on reservoir porosity, with merely 0.25%~0.47% and 0.18%~0.43% increases at the hinge and back-limb of the fault-related anticline, respectively. The evolution paths of the compressive strain controlled the porosity evolution of the reservoir. Early-stage strong compressive strain may cause a rapid decrease of porosity, while the late-stage outer-arc tensile can partially offset of the compressive strain. The porosity loss of the reservoir during the early-stage compression cannot be fully restored. This study provides a theoretical basis for predicting the distribution of high-quality reservoirs on the fault-related anticline under the compressional tectonic condition.

关键词

储层物性演化 / 流固耦合数值模拟 / 构造 / 流体 / 断背斜 / 有限元 / 白垩系 / 克拉苏构造带 / 库车坳陷

Key words

evolution of reservoir petrophysical properties / coupled hydraulic-mechanical modelling / structure / fluid / fault-related anticlines / finite element simulation / Cretaceous / Kelasu Structural Belt / Kuqa Depression

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(92055204)

国家自然科学基金项目(42172146)

中国石油集团公司重大科技项目(ZD2019-183-01-04)

山东省泰山学者青年专家项目(tsqn202312111)

中国石油大学(华东)深层油气国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL-DOG2024-ZYRC-05)