塔西南高地应力地层井壁失稳特征及影响因素分析

Wellbore instability characteristics and influencing factors of high in-situ stress formations in Southwest Tarim Basin

摘要

塔西南高地应力地层裂缝发育、破碎性强。为了准确反映高地应力地层井壁失稳规律,应用强度应力比判别塔西南高地应力地层,分析井壁失稳工程表现、黏土矿物特征、掉块形态及岩石力学特性;考虑高地应力地层非连续性,建立基于受力平衡的离散构元井壁稳定模型,分析地应力、地应力差及钻井液滤失因数对井壁稳定性的影响。结果表明:当地层强度应力比小于2.5时,井壁失稳风险显著增加,工程表现为漏失与挂卡;较高的地应力或较大的水平地应力差导致安全钻井液密度区间缩小,增加井壁失稳风险。钻井液滤失因数每增加0.25,井壁失稳风险提高1.2倍。该结果为高地应力地层钻井液参数设计与井壁稳定性控制提供参考。

Abstract

The high in-situ stress formations in the Southwest Tarim Basin are characterized by well-developed fractures and strong fragmentation, making conventional wellbore stability models unable to accurately reflect wellbore instability patterns. This study identifies high-stress formations using the strength-to-stress ratio and analyzes the engineering manifestations of wellbore instability, clay mineral characteristics, block shedding features, and rock mechanical properties in these formations. Considering the discontinuous features of high-stress formations, a discrete element wellbore stability model based on force equilibrium was established to investigate the effects of varying stress states, stress ratios, and drilling fluid filtration coefficients on wellbore stability. The results indicate that when the strength-to-stress ratio of the formation is below 2.5, wellbore instability risks increase significantly, manifested as fluid loss and stuck pipe incidents. High stress levels or larger stress ratios further reduce the safe density range of drilling fluids, thereby increasing wellbore instability risks. Additionally, for every 0.25 increase in the filtration coefficient, the risk of wellbore instability increases by 1.2 times. These findings provide important references for the design of drilling fluid parameters and the control of wellbore stability in high-stress formations.

关键词

高地应力地层 / 井壁稳定性 / 坍塌压力 / 钻井液密度 / 塔西南

Key words

high in-situ stress formation / wellbore instability / collapse pressure / drilling fluid density / Southwest Tarim Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金重点项目(52334001)