基于高斯函数重构孔径分布曲线的储层孔隙结构评价方法 ——以东海盆地西湖凹陷花港组致密砂岩为例

Evaluating method of reservoir pore structure based on Gaussian function reconstruction of pore radius distribution curve: a case study from the tight sandstones of the Huagang Formation in Xihu Depression of the East China Sea Basin/2025, 49(3): 14-28

摘要

为定量表征致密砂岩储层孔隙结构差异及影响因素，根据岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、全岩 X 线衍射、激光粒度、孔隙度、渗透率、高压压汞和测井等资料，利用高斯函数重建致密砂岩孔径分布曲线，提取孔隙结构评价指数，比较分形维数表征效果，分析东海盆地西湖凹陷致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构特征及控制因素。结果表明：孔隙结构评价指数与孔隙结构参数、分形维数具有良好的相关关系，可以作为致密砂岩储层孔隙结构表征的有效指标，预测致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构，重建孔径分布曲线，对同储层类型的孔径分布特征需要选择合适的拟合模型。西湖凹陷致密砂岩储层孔隙结构受沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制，致密砂岩粒径越粗，分布越集中，孔隙结构越好。不同矿物成分对储层质量具有差异影响，石英可以有效抑制储层压实；碳酸盐胶结物和黏土矿物大多占据孔隙空间，孔隙连通性变差；高岭石具有特殊的晶格结构，可以保护粒间微孔，改善储层连通性。该结果为海上致密砂岩气田经济有效开发提供指导。

Abstract

In order to quantitatively characterize the pore structure differences and influencing factors of tight sandstone reservoirs, the pore size distribution curves of tight sandstone were reconstructed using Gaussian function, a new pore structure characterization parameter (η) was extracted. The characterization effect of η value and fractal dimension was compared, and the controlling factors of pore structure of tight sandstone reservoir in Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin were analyzed based on core observation, thin section identification, scanning electron microscope observation, whole rock X-ray diffraction, laser particle size, porosity, permeability, high-pressure mercury injection and well logging data. The results show that the η values have good correlation with pore structure parameters and fractal dimension, and can be used as a single parameter effective indicator for pore structure evaluation. The pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs in Xihu Depression is controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis. The larger the particle size and the more concentrated the particle size distribution are, the better the pore structure is. Different mineral components have different effects on reservoir quality, among which quartz can effectively inhibit reservoir compaction. Carbonate cements and clay minerals mostly occupy pore space, making pore connectivity poor. Kaolinite can protect intergranular micropores and improve reservoir connectivity due to its special lattice structure. According to the relationship between η and logging curve, the pore structure of reservoir scale can be predicted. This method is applicable to the reconstruction of pore size distribution curves obtained by various experimental methods, but suitable fitting models should be selected according to the pore size distribution characteristics of different reservoir types. The results provide some guidance for the economic and effective development of offshore tight sandstone oil and gas fields.

关键词

高斯函数 / 孔隙结构评价指数 / 孔隙结构 / 影响因素 / 致密砂岩 / 花港组 / 西湖凹陷

Key words

Gaussian function / pore structure evaluation index / pore structure / influence factor / tight sandstone / Huagang Formation / Xihu Depression

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基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05027-002-001)