川东红星地区二叠系海相页岩微体生物化石特征及对储层的影响

Characteristics of microbiological fossils in Permian marine shales and their effects on reservoirs in Hongxing Area of Eastern Sichuan Basin

摘要

以川东红星地区二叠系茅口组四段（茅四段）一吴家坪组二段（吴二段）海相页岩为研究对象，利用薄片鉴定、场发射一扫描电镜（FE-SEM）及 X 线能谱分析等方法，分析海相页岩典型微体生物化石类型、特征及对储层的影响。结果表明：研究区富有机质页岩生物成因硅质、钙质化石广泛发育，主要为钙质有孔虫、钙质介壳及硅质放射虫等微体生物化石。有孔虫以钙质壳壁和多个房室为主要特征，大多有孔虫壳体由方解石组成，局部见石英、长石交代；放射虫主要表现为具有典型圈层结构的卵形团块状硅质集合体，为埋藏、成岩作用改造的硅质放射虫的残骸。钙质有孔虫房室及硅质放射虫囊体普遍充填沥青，且沥青内发育大量分布密集的有机孔隙，有机孔隙数超过 2800 个，面孔率为 19 \mathrm{\%} \sim 22 \mathrm{\%} 。该结果为揭示研究区海相页岩储层孔隙发育和保存提供指导。

Abstract

The object of this study is marine shale of fourth section of Maokou Formation (Mao 4 Member) to second section of Wujiaping Formation (Wu 2 Member) in Hongxing Area of Eastern Sichuan Basin. The types and characteristics of typical microbiological fossils and their effects on reservoirs in marine shales were analyzed by means of thin section authentication, field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that the biogenic silica and calcium fossils were widely developed in organic-rich shales of study area. The biogenic silica and calcium fossils were mainly represented by calcareous foraminifera, calcareous shells and siliceous radiolarian. The main characteristics of foraminifera are calcareous shell walls and multiple compartments. X-ray energy spectrum analysis showed that most of the foraminifera shells were composed of calcite, and some were replaced by quartz and feldspar. Radiolarian are represented by oval-shaped siliceous aggregates, which are the remains of the siliceous radiolarian modified by burial and diagenesis. It was observed by FE-SEM at high magnification that calcareous foraminiferal chambers and siliceous radiolarian cysts were generally filled with bitumen which was rich in densely-distributed organic pores. Avizo image processing software was used to make a statistical analysis of high-resolution SEM photos, and it was found that the number of organic pores was more than 2800, the volume fraction was in the range of 19% to 22%. The results provide guidance for revealing the pore development and preservation mechanism of marine shale reservoir in the study area.

关键词

海相 / 生物成因硅钙 / 有孔虫 / 放射虫 / 生物化石 / 二叠系页岩 / 红星地区 / 茅四段一吴二段

Key words

marine / biogenic silica and calcium / foraminifera / radiolarian / biological fossil / Permian shales / Hongxing Area / Mao 4 Member to Wu 2 Member

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目(U24B6001)

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院自立项目(YK2024041)