辽河坳陷牛居-长滩洼陷沙三段深部储层成岩相类型及储集特征

Diagenetic face types and reservoir characteristics of the E₂s₃ sandstone deep reservoir in Niuju-Changtan Sag, Liaohe Depression

摘要

辽河坳陷牛居-长滩洼陷沙三段深部碎屑岩储层具有天然气勘探潜力，深部储层的储集特征及变化规律不清。基于岩石、X 线衍射、普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性测试、压汞实验 CT 扫描等资料，划分牛居-长滩洼陷埋深大于 3500 m 的沙三段砂岩储层成岩相，分析不同成岩相储层特征，明确优质成岩相类型和储集特征。结果表明：研究区深部储层岩屑和斜长石体积分数较高，岩性以中粒（长石质）岩屑（杂）岩和细粒（长石质）岩屑（杂）岩为主。深部储层成岩相主要发育强压实孔缝相和中等压实溶蚀相，在发育深度、成岩作用和储集特征等方面存在明显差异。埋深小于 4000 m 的储层发育强压实孔缝相，储集空间以微裂缝和小直径孔隙为主，孔径主要在 0 \sim 60 \mu \mathrm{m} 之间，以 10 \sim 50 \mu \mathrm{m} 为主，孔隙度随深度增加呈规律性降低，孔隙度和渗透率呈正相关关系。埋深超过 4000 m 储层主要发育中等压实溶蚀相，岩屑、长石颗粒溶蚀孔发育，孔径在 50 \sim 120 \mu \mathrm{m} 之间的较大孔占据主导，孔径在 50 \mu \mathrm{m} 以上的孔隙对储集空间的贡献大，孔隙度明显增大，非均质性强，孔隙度和渗透率相关关系不明显；储层溶蚀孔发育与有机酸的溶蚀作用密切相关。中等压实溶蚀相储层孔隙度较大、渗透率较低，更有利于油气聚集成藏，是深部油气勘探的有利储集相带。该结果为研究区下一步的勘探开发提供依据。

Abstract

The clastic rock reservoirs of the E₂s₃ in the deep part of the Niuju-Changtan Sag have great potential for natural gas resources, but the reservoir characteristics and variation patterns of the deep reservoirs are still unclear. A comprehensive application of ordinary thin sections, cast thin sections, SEM, X-ray diffraction of rocks and clay minerals, physical property testing, mercury intrusion, and CT scanning methods were conducted to classify the sandstone reservoir diagenetic facies and discover their reservoir characteristic in the third segment of Shahejie Formation (E₂s₃) lower than 3500 m in the Niuju-Changtan Sag. The results indicate that the deep reservoirs of the E₂s₃ member in the Niuju-Changtan Sag of the Liaohe Depression are characterized by high volume fractions of rock fragments and plagioclase, with lithology dominated by medium-grained(feldspathic) lithic arenite and fine-grained(feldspathic) lithic arenite. The diagenetic facies of deep reservoirs mainly develop strongly compacted porefracture facies and moderately compacted dissolution facies, showing significant differences in development depth, diagenesis, and reservoir characteristics. Reservoirs at burial depths shallower than 4000 m exhibit strongly compacted pore-fracture facies, where reservoir spaces are dominated by microfractures and small-diameter pores(mainly 0 - 60 \mu \mathrm{m}, predominantly 10 - 50 \mu \mathrm{m}). Porosity decreases regularly with increasing depth, showing a positive correlation between porosity and permeability. Reservoirs deeper than 4000 m primarily develop moderately compacted dissolution facies, with abundant dissolution pores in rock fragments and plagioclase grains. Larger pores ( 50 - 120 \mu \mathrm{m} ) dominate the reservoir space, where pores larger than 50 \mu \mathrm{m} contribute significantly. Porosity deviates from the decreasing trend and increases markedly, displaying strong heterogeneity and an unclear porosity-permeability relationship. The development of dissolution pores in reservoirs deeper than 4000 m is closely related to organic acid dissolution. The moderately compacted dissolution facies reservoirs, characterized by higher porosity and lower permeability, are more favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation and represent advantageous reservoir facies zones for deep hydrocarbon exploration. These findings provide critical guidance for future exploration and development in study area.

关键词

深部储层 / 碎屑岩 / 成岩相 / 储集物性 / 演化特征 / 牛居-长滩洼陷 / 辽河坳陷

Key words

deep reservoir / clastic rock / diagenetic facies / reservoir property / evolution characteristics / Niuju-Changtan Sag / Liaohe Depression

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基金资助

辽河油田公司重大科技专项(2024KJZX-02)