阿姆河右岸 B 区东部构造演化特征及油气富集规律

Characteristics of tectonic evolution and the regularity of hydrocarbon enrichment in the eastern block B of the right bank in Amu Darya Basin

摘要

为理清阿姆河右岸 B 区东部山前逆冲推覆构造演化对油气运移聚集的控制作用，揭示油气富集规律，基于中上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津阶三维地震、岩心、薄片及流体包裹体资料，结合埋藏热史及油气充注史，恢复阿姆河右岸构造演化及不同构造阶段油气富集规律。结果表明：阿姆河右岸 B 区经历两期主要的构造活动，包括晚侏罗世构造挤压作用及中-全新世构造抬升阶段。两期构造活动在工区内自东向西依次形成叠瓦状背斜、对冲向斜及反冲断背斜的构造样式。晚侏罗世燕山运动期形成的 F1 期裂缝多被半充填，未充填部分相互连通形成工区内关键的储集层；新近纪以来剧烈的构造抬升促使早期闭合的裂缝再次开启，并形成未被充填的 F2 期裂缝。晚侏罗世构造挤压阶段形成的古背斜圈闭雏形及裂缝为白垩纪油气充注提供运移通道及聚集场所，新近纪以来的构造抬升促使古圈闭中油气沿裂缝调整，形成新的油气藏。古圈闭与现今圈闭叠合区为研究区油气勘探开发的有利区域。

Abstract

To clarify the controlling role of the evolution of the mountain front thrust and overthrust structure in the B Area on the right bank of the Amu Darya River in the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon, and to reveal the hydrocarbon enrichment rules in this area. Integrated 3D seismic data, core, thin section and fluid inclusion data from the Callovian-Oxfordian of the Middle-Upper Jurassic, combined with burial thermal history and hydrocarbon charging history, the tectonic evolution of the right bank in Amu Darya Basin. Consequently, the hydrocarbon accumulation patterns during different tectonic stages were reconstructed. The result shows that the two important periods of tectonic activity have been identified, including the tectonic compression in the Late Jurassic and the tectonic uplift during the Miocene-Holocene period. Structural styles such as imbricated anticlines, convergent syncline, and back-thrust faulted anticlines were sequentially formed from east to west, as a result of two phases of tectonic activity within the study area. The fractures F1 in the Late Jurassic Yanshanian period were mostly partially filled, and the unfilled parts interconnected to form key reservoirs. During the Himalayan movement period, the large-scale tectonic uplift caused the sealed F1 to crack again, and unfilled fractures F2 formed as well. The paleoanticlinal traps and fractures developed during the Late Jurassic period provided migration channels and accumulation places for the hydrocarbon charging in the Cretaceous. The tectonic activity since Neogene caused the hydrocarbon in the paleoanticlinal traps to adjust along the unfilled-fractures and form new oil and gas reservoirs. The production practice has proved that overlapping area of ancient and present traps is a favorable area for hydrocarbon exploration and development.

关键词

盐下碳酸盐岩 / 构造演化特征 / 裂缝 / 油气富集 / 阿姆河盆地

Key words

subsalt carbonate / tectonic evolution characteristics / fracture / hydrocarbon enrichment / Amu Darya Basin

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基金资助

中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司校企合作项目(CQCDLG-2023-03)