济阳坳陷奎山段石英砂岩母岩风化与有机酸溶蚀作用

Weathering of parent rocks and organic acid dissolution in quartz sandstones from the Kuishan Member, Jiyang Depression

摘要

根据野外露头、岩心观察和岩石薄片资料，采用 X 线衍射、扫描电镜和粒度分析等测试方法，分析济阳坳陷奎山段石英砂岩成因、母岩风化与煤系有机酸溶蚀作用。结果表明：奎山段石英砂岩的形成过程受物源、古气候、沉积条件和有机酸溶蚀作用的影响，尤其是古气候控制下的风化作用和煤系有机酸溶蚀作用对长石矿物减少的效应明显。奎山段石英砂岩以岩屑石英砂岩为主，岩屑成分主要为花岗岩（溶蚀后呈多晶石英状），粒级以中砂至细砾为主，具有不等粒结构，颗粒分选差，呈次棱角状，表现为高成分成熟度和低结构成熟度。母岩主要来源于华北板块北缘的花岗岩，沉积相类型为曲流河砂坝。奎山段石英砂岩的形成受两期长石体积分数降低过程的影响：第一期与母岩区花岗岩风化作用相关，受控于奎山段沉积期的高 CO₂ 浓度和炎热多雨气候条件；第二期与三叠纪埋藏期煤系有机酸溶蚀作用相关，上古生界煤系地层生成的大量有机酸与相邻的曲流砂坝沉积石英砂岩相互作用，导致长石矿物强烈溶蚀。该结果为环渤海地区和华北地区上古生界石英砂岩的形成过程研究提供指导。

Abstract

Based on the field outcrops, core observations, and thin-section data, combined with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and grain size analysis, this study investigates the genesis of quartz sandstone in the Kuishan Member, focusing on parent rock weathering and coal-measure organic acid dissolution. The results show that the quartz sandstone formation was jointly controlled by four factors: provenance, paleoclimate, sedimentary processes, and organic acid dissolution. In particular, the reduction of feldspar was mainly driven by weathering under paleoclimatic conditions and dissolution by coal-derived organic acids. The Kuishan Member quartz sandstone is classified as lithic quartz arenite, with lithic fragments mainly composed of granitic materials(now polycrystalline quartz after dissolution). It exhibits a grain size spectrum from medium sand to fine gravel and shows poor sorting, subangular grains, and an inequigranular texture, indicating high compositional maturity but low textural maturity. Provenance analysis suggests that the parent rocks were mainly granites from the northern margin of the North China Plate, and the depositional environment is interpreted as a meandering river point bar. Two distinct stages of feldspar depletion were identified: the first stage was associated with intense weathering of granitic source rocks and was controlled by elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels and a hot, humid climate during the Kuishan Member deposition. The second stage occurred during the Triassic burial period, when organic acids derived from adjacent coal measures extensively dissolved feldspars in the quartz sandstone. This study provides critical constraints on the formation of quartz-rich sandstones in the Jiyang Depression, offering a valuable reference for understanding similar reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin and the broader North China Craton.

关键词

济阳坳陷 / 石英砂岩 / 奎山段 / 风化作用 / 有机酸溶蚀作用 / 长石溶蚀 / 古气候

Key words

Jiyang Depression / quartz sandstone / Kuishan Member / weathering / action of organic acids / feldspar dissolution / paleoclimate

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基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2024ZD14001)