陆相断陷湖盆页岩典型成岩作用对储集性能的控制——以济阳坳陷东营凹陷沙四上亚段为例

The contolling effect of typical diagenesis on reservoir performance of continental faulted lacustrine shale: a case of shale of the E_{s4 s} in Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression

摘要

以济阳坳陷东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段（沙四上亚段）典型页岩为研究对象，采用岩心观察、薄片观察、 X线衍射全岩矿物分析、扫描电镜观察、有机地球化学测试、低温氮气吸附实验和核磁共振实验等方法，分析页岩沉积环境、岩相及其组合特征，研究页岩成岩作用，探讨典型成岩作用对页岩储集性能的影响。结果表明：东营凹陷沙四上亚段典型页岩类型为纹层状碳酸盐页岩和混合类页岩，东营凹陷缓斜坡洼陷带主要发育富碳酸盐页岩岩相组合，陡斜坡深陷带发育混合类页岩岩相组合，湖盆边缘带发育富长英类和富黏土类页岩岩相组合；成岩作用类型多样，有机质演化与碳酸盐等矿物近源溶蚀，黏土矿物转化与自生石英沉淀代表页岩不同矿物相互作用的典型特点，有机质生烃与碳酸盐矿物-自生石英-黏土矿物成岩协同演化特征明显；生烃排酸背景下的方解石溶蚀和重结晶作用对储集性能有良好的改善作用；自生石英沉淀、长石溶蚀是陡坡混合类页岩典型的成岩、成储作用类型，自生石英集合体保留大量晶间孔，扩孔作用显著，长英质矿物质量分数与页岩孔隙度、纳米级孔隙体积呈近似正相关关系。该结果为东营凹陷页岩有利储集区优选和井位部署提供指导。

Abstract

Taking the typical shale of the upper sub-member of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Es₄s) in the Dongying Sag of the Jiyang Depression as the research object, methods such as core observation, thin section observation, X-ray whole-rock mineral analysis, scanning electron microscopy observation, organic geochemical testing, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were adopted to analyze the sedimentary environment, lithofacies and their combination characteristics of the shale, study the diagenesis of the shale, and explore the influence of typical diagenetic processes on the reservoir properties of the shale. The results show that the typical shale types in the upper sub-member of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag are carbonate-rich shale and mixed shale. The carbonate-rich shale lithofacies assemblage mainly develops in the inner depression of the gentle slope in the Dongying Sag, while the mixed shale lithofacies assemblage develops in the deep depression of the steep slope, and the feldspar-rich and clayrich shale lithofacies assemblage develops in the lake margin zone. The diagenetic types are diverse. The near-source dissolution of organic matter and carbonate minerals, the transformation of clay minerals and the precipitation of authigenic quartz represent the typical characteristics of the interaction between different minerals in the shale. The synergetic evolution of organic matter hydrocarbon generation and carbonate minerals-authigenic quartz-clay minerals is obvious. The dissolution and recrystallization of calcite under the background of hydrocarbon generation and acid expulsion have a good improvement effect on the reservoir properties. The precipitation of authigenic quartz and the dissolution of feldspar are typical diagenetic and reservoir-forming types of mixed shale in the steep slope. A large number of intergranular pores are retained in the authigenic quartz aggregates, and the pore expansion effect is significant. The mass percentage of feldspar and quartz minerals is approximately positively correlated with the porosity and nano-scale pore volume of the shale. This result has practical guiding significance for the selection of favorable shale reservoir areas and well location deployment in the Dongying Sag.

关键词

页岩油 / 混合页岩 / 成岩作用 / 储集性能 / 沙四上亚段 / 东营凹陷 / 济阳坳陷

Key words

shale oil / mixed shales / diagenesis / reservoir performance / Es  ₄s / Dongying Sag / Jiyang Depression

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基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1400100)

国家自然科学基金企业联合基金项目(U24B6002)