鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田本溪组致密砂岩储层分类评价及南北部差异性

Classification evaluation and north-south differences of tight sandstone reservoirs in Benxi Formation of Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

摘要

鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田本溪组储层特征复杂，制约气藏的高效开发。采用岩心观察、 X 线衍射分析、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜及高压压汞实验等方法，研究神木气田本溪组储层特征，建立储层综合评价体系，预测有利储层分布，明确南北部储层差异性。结果表明：研究区本溪组储层岩性以灰色一深灰色石英砂岩为主，南部以中一粗砂岩为主，北部主要为中-细砂岩；孔隙类型主要为粒间孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔及微裂缝，其中南部以粒间孔和溶蚀孔为主，北部主要为溶蚀孔，自北向南面孔率逐渐增大，物性变好；孔喉结构以中大孔一粗喉和中孔一粗喉型为主，连通性较差，整体表现为低孔低渗致密砂岩特征；压实一压溶和胶结作用普遍发育，其中北部储层胶结作用强烈，南部以溶蚀作用为主，储层整体处于中成岩BS期至晚成岩阶段；储层可划分为I、II、III类，其中I类和II类为优质储层，优选面积为 786 km² ，I 类储层主要富集于南部地区；南部储层的物性参数、孔隙结构及储集性能优于北部储层的。该结果为神木气田本溪组高效建产开发提供地质依据。

Abstract

The Benxi Formation reservoirs in the Ordos Basin exhibit complex characteristics that constrain efficient gas reservoir development. Methods including core observation, X-ray diffraction analysis, thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, and high-pressure mercury injection experiments were employed to study the reservoir characteristics of the Benxi Formation in Shenmu Gas Field. This enabled establishing a comprehensive reservoir evaluation system, predicting favorable reservoir distributions, and clarifying north-south reservoir differences. Results indicate: the reservoir lithology is predominantly gray-dark gray quartz sandstone, with medium-coarse sandstone in the south and medium-fine sandstone in the north; pore types mainly include intergranular pores, dissolution pores, intercristal line pores, and microfractures, with the south dominated by intergranular and dissolution pores while the north primarily shows dissolution pores, demonstrating gradually increasing poreplane ratio and improving physical properties from north to south; pore-throat structures are mainly me-dium-large to medium pores with coarse throats, showing poor connectivity and overall low-porosity, low-permeability tight sandstone characteristics; compaction-pressure dissolution and cementation are widely developed, with strong cementation in northern reservoirs and predominant dissolution in southern reservoirs, placing the reservoirs in middle diagenetic stage B to late diagenetic stage; reservoirs can be classified into types I-III, with types I and II being high-quality reservoirs covering 786 km² of favorable areas, and type I reservoirs mainly concentrated in the southern region; southern reservoirs outperform northern ones in physical parameters, pore structure, and storage capacity. These results provide geological basis for efficient development of the Benxi Formation in Shenmu Gas Field.

关键词

储层特征 / 储层分类 / 储层差异性 / 本溪组 / 神木气田 / 鄂尔多斯盆地

Key words

reservoir characteristics / reservoir classification / reservoir differences / Benxi Formation / Shenmu Gas Field / Ordos Basin

参考文献

[1] 付金华, 董国栋, 周新平, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地油气地质研究进展与勘探技术[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(3):19-40.

[2] FU Jinhua, DONG Guodong, ZHOU Xinping, et al. Research progress of petroleum geology and exploration technology in Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(3):19-40.

[3] 付金华, 段晓文, 席胜利. 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气藏特征[J]. 天然气工业, 2000, 20(6):16-19.

[4] FU Jinhua, DUAN Xiaowen, XI Shengli. Characteristics of Upper Paleozoic gas reservoirs in E'erduosi Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2000, 20(6):16-19.

[5] 陈全红. 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积体系及油气富集规律研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学,2007:1-5.

[6] CHEN Quanhong. Research on sedimentary systems and hydrocarbons enrichment of the Upper Palaeozoic of the Ordos Basin[D]. Xian: Northwestern University,2007:1-5.

[7] 陈孟晋, 汪泽成, 郭彦如, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地南部晚古生代沉积特征与天然气勘探潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2006, 33(1):1-5.

[8] CHEN Mengjin, WANG Zecheng, GUO Yanru, et al. Late Paleozoic sedimentary systems and gas potential in the South Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006, 33(1):1-5.

[9] MUTHER T, QURESHI H, SYED FI, et al. Unconventional hydrocarbon resources:geological statistics,petrophysical characterization,and field development strategies[J]. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2021, 12(6):1463-1488.

[10] 冯娟萍, 欧阳征健, 陈全红, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统沉积特征[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(1):53-64.

[11] FENG Juanping, OUYANG Zhengjian, CHEN Quanhong, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Carboniferous in Ordos Basin and its adjacent areas[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2021, 23(1):53-64.

[12] 李文厚, 张倩, 李克永, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区晚古生代沉积演化[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(1):39-52.

[13] LI Wenhou, ZHANG Qian, LI Keyong, et al. Sedimentary evolution of the Late Paleozoic in Ordos Basin and its adjacent areas[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2021, 23(1):39-52.

[14] 牛小兵, 赵伟波, 史云鹤, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组天然气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(8):1240-1257.

[15] NIU Xiaobing, ZHAO Weibo, SHI Yunhe, et al. Natural gas accumulation conditions and exploration potential of Benxi Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(8):1240-1257.

[16] 肖子亢, 刘宝平, 高小平, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素分析[J]. 科技通报, 2017, 33(8):48-56.

[17] XIAO Zikang, LIU Baoping, GAO Xiaoping, et al. Analyses on characteristics and main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir on the Upper Paleozoic in Southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Science and Technology, 2017, 33(8):48-56.

[18] 郭少斌, 郑红梅, 黄家国. 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界非常规天然气综合勘探前景[J]. 地质科技情报, 2014, 33(6):69-77.

[19] GUO Shaobin, ZHENG Hongmei, HUANG Jiaguo. Integrated exploration prospects of unconventional gas of Upper Paleozoic in Ordos Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2014, 33(6):69-77.

[20] 付金华. 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气成藏条件及富集规律[D]. 西安: 西北大学,2004:84-91.

[21] FU Jinhua. The gas reservoir-forming conditions and accumulation rules of Upper Paleozoic in Ordos Basin[D]. Xi'an: Northwest U- niversity,2004:84-91.

[22] 周进松, 王念喜, 赵谦平, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长探区上古生界天然气成藏特征[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(2):34-41.

[23] ZHOU Jinsong, WANG Nianxi, ZHAO Qianping, et al. Natural gas accumulation characteristics in the Upper Paleozoic in the Yanchang Exploration Block of Southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(2):34-41.

[24] 李明瑞, 窦伟坦, 蔺宏斌, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界致密岩性气藏成藏模式[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2009, 36(1):56-61.

[25] LI Mingrui, DOU Weitan, LIN Hongbin, et al. Model for tight lithologic gas accumulation in Upper Palaeozoic,east of Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2009, 36(1):56-61.

[26] QU H, YANG B, TIAN X, et al. The primary controlling parameters of porosity,permeability,and seepage capability of tight gas reservoirs:a case study on Upper Paleozoic formation in the Eastern Ordos Basin,Northern China[J]. Petroleum Science, 2019, 16 (6):1270-1284.

[27] 李云, 张建伍, 李晶, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部石炭系本溪组沉积微相特征及其对天然气富集控制作用[J]. 西北地质, 2014, 47(2): 216-222.

[28] LI Yun, ZHANG Jianwu, LI Jing, et al. A study on sedimentary microfacies of Benxi Formation and its controlling effect on gas enrichment in Yanchang District of Ordos Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2014, 47(2):216-222.

[29] XU Xin, LIU Linyu, LI Xijun, et al. Sequence stratigraphy,sedimentary characteristics of barrier coastal sedimentary system of the Benxi Formation(Gaoqiao Area,Ordos Basin)and favorable reservoir distribution[J]. Energy Reports, 2021,7:5316-5329.

[30] 郭艳琴, 梁言乐, 汪淑洁, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东北部神木一佳县地区上石炭统本溪组沉积特征[J]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 54(6):1037-1049.

[31] GUO Yanqin, LIANG Yanle, WANG Shujie, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of Benxi Formation of the Upper Carboniferous in Shenmu-Jiaxian Area of the Northeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 54(6): 1037-1049.

[32] 刘军龙. 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长 7 油层组沉积体系与储层特征研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学,2018:114-123.

[33] LIU Junlong. Sedimentary system and reservoir characteristics of Chang 7 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University,2018:114-123.

[34] 肖佃师, 卢双舫, 姜微微, 等. 基于粒间孔贡献量的致密砂岩储层分类:以徐家围子断陷为例[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(10):1123-1134.

[35] XIAO Dianshi, LU Shuangfang, JIANG Weiwei, et al. Classification of tight sandstone reservoirs based on the contribution of intergranular pores:a case study of Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(10):1123-1134.

[36] 马世忠, 张宇鹏. 应用压汞实验方法研究致密储层孔隙结构:以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组为例[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2017, 24(1):26-33.

[37] MA Shizhong, ZHANG Yupeng. Study on the pore structure of tight reservoir by using method of mercury injection:a case study of the Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2017, 24(1):26-33

[38] 周翔, 何生, 刘萍, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地代家坪地区长 6 致密油储层孔隙结构特征及分类评价[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(3):253-265.

[39] ZHOU Xiang, HE Sheng, LIU Ping, et al. Characteristics and classification of tight oil pore structure in reservoir Chang 6 of Daijiaping Area,Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23(3):253-265.

[40] 王伟明, 卢双舫, 李杰, 等. 致密砂岩储层微观孔隙特征评价:以中国吐哈盆地为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(10):1828-1836.

[41] WANG Weiming, LU Shuangfang, LI Jie, et al. Analyses of micro-pore structural characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study in Turpan-Hami Basin,Northwestern China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27(10):1828-1836.

[42] 林卫兵, 陈林, 陆永潮, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区长 8 油层组致密储层评价[J]. 地质与勘探, 2017, 53(2):381-389.

[43] LIN Weibing, CHEN Lin, LU Yongchao, et al. Tight reservoir evaluation of the Chang 8 Oil Group in the Zhenjing Area,Southwestern Ordos Basin[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2017, 53(2):381-389.

[44] 黄道军, 李新虎, 刘燕, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地中东部本溪组致密砂岩储层特征及有利层段优选[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2023, 43(1): 109-118.

[45] HUANG Daojun, LI Xinhu, LIU Yan, et al. Characteristics and favorable intervals selection of tight sandstone reservoirs in Benxi Formation,Central-Eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2023, 43(1):109-118.

[46] 强小龙, 文开丰, 王德龙, 等. 致密砂岩气藏孔喉结构和渗流特征差异及其对水锁的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田山西组、太原组和石盒子组为例[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2025, 49(2):1-18.

[47] QIANG Xiaolong, WEN Kaifeng, WANG Delong, et al. Differences in pore-throat structure and seepage characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and their effects on water-blocking:a case study of Shanxi,Taiyuan and Shihezi Formations in Shenmu Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2025, 49(2):1-18.

[48] 刘再振, 刘玉明, 李洋冰, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地神府地区太原组致密砂岩储层特征及成岩演化[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2017, 29(6):51-59.

[49] LIU Zaizhen, LIU Yuming, LI Yangbing, et al. Tight sandstone reservoir characteristics and diagenesis evolution of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu-Fugu Area,Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(6):51-59.

[50] 李剑, 张春林, 姜福杰, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地上石炭统本溪组致密气富集主控因素[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(4):30-40.

[51] LI Jian, ZHANG Chunlin, JIANG Fujie, et al. Main factors controlling the enrichment of Upper Carboniferous Benxi Formation tight gas in the Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(4):30-40.

[52] 尚玥. 鄂尔多斯盆地中东部上石炭统本溪组沉积相及储层特征研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学,2023:19-22.

[53] SHANG Yue. The sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the central-eastern part of the Ordos Basin[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology,2023:19-22.

[54] 目建成. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部本溪组气藏地质特征[J]. 云南化工, 2018, 45(9):163-164.

[55] YAN Jiancheng. Geological characteristics of the Benxi Formation gas reservoir in the Eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Yunnan Chemical Technology, 2018, 45(9):163-164.

[56] 王永骁, 付斯一, 张成弓, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组 2 段致密砂岩储层特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(6):12-20.

[57] WANG Yongxiao, FU Siyi, ZHANG Chenggong, et al. Characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs of the second member of Shanxi Formation in Eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2021, 33(6):12-20.

[58] 王力, 刘岩, 曹茜, 等. 四川盆地中部须家河组致密砂岩储层孔喉结构分类评价[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2024, 48(4):41-53.

[59] WANG Li, LIU Yan, CAO Qian, et al. Classification and evaluation of pore throat structure in tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2024, 48(4):41-53.

[60] DUAN Wei, LI Chunfeng, LUO Chengfei, et al. Effect of formation overpressure on the reservoir diagenesis and its petroleum geological significance for the DF11 Block of the Yinggehai Basin,the South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018,97: 49-65.

[61] 关闻. 红河油田延长组长 9 储层孔喉结构特征[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2018, 32(2):47-50.

[62] GUAN Wen. Pore throat structure of Yanchang 9 Reservoir in Honghe Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2018, 32 (2):47-50.

[63] 赵继勇, 刘振旺, 谢启超, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长 7 致密油储层微观孔喉结构分类特征[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2014, 19(5):73-79.

[64] ZHAO Jiyong, LIU Zhenwang, XIE Qichao, et al. Micro pore throat structural classification of Chang 7 tight oil reservoir of Jiyuan Oilfield in Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014, 19(5):73-79.

[65] 边会媛, 韩博华, 王飞, 等. 柴北缘牛东地区砂砾岩储层特征及分类评价[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2020, 40(5):894-901.

[66] BIAN Huiyuan, HAN Bohua, WANG Fei, et al. Characteristics and classification of glutenite reservoirs in Niudong Area,north margin of Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2020, 40(5):894-901.

[67] 王若谷, 廖友运, 尚婷, 等. 苏里格气田东二区山西组砂岩储层特征及主控因素分析[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2016, 36(3):385-392.

[68] WANG Ruogu, LIAO Youyun, SHANG Ting, et al. Controlling factors and characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Shanxi Formation in the east II block of Sulige Gas Field[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2016, 36(3):385-392.

[69] 田夏荷. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部本溪组一山西组致密气储层分类评价研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学,2016:64-72.

[70] TIAN Xiahe. Research on tight gas reservoirs evaluation and classification of Benxi Formation-Shanxi Formation in Eastern Ordos Basin[D]. Xian: Northwestern University,2016:64-72.

[71] 赵诗红, 朱丽, 张玲. 川西坳陷合兴场气田须二段致密砂岩储层特征及发育主控因素[J]. 非常规油气, 2025, 12(4):13-22.

[72] ZHAO Shihong, ZHU Li, ZHANG Ling. Characteristics and primary controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xu 2 Member in Hexingchang Gas Field,West Sichuan Depression[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2025, 12(4):13-22.

[73] 师展, 赵靖舟, 孙雄伟, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界煤系烃源岩特征及生烃潜力评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2023, 34(9): 1612-1626.

[74] SHI Zhan, ZHAO Jingzhou, SUN Xiongwei, et al. Characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of Upper Paleozoic coal measure source rocks in the Southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2023, 34(9):1612-1626.

[75] 龙虹宇, 张亚, 和源, 等. 川中古隆起北斜坡下寒武统沦浪铺组一段混合沉积特征及模式[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2025, 49(2):19-29.

[76] LONG Hongyu, ZHANG Ya, HE Yuan, et al. Mixed sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary models of the first member of Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Formation in the northern slope area of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2025, 49(2):19-29.

[77] 陈亮, 任军峰, 李涵, 等. 中条山陶家窑剖面长城系混合沉积特征与发育模式[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4):840-852.

[78] CHEN Liang, REN Junfeng, LI Han, et al. Characteristics and development patterns of mixed sedimentation of the Changchengian in Taojiayao outcrop of Zhongtiao Mountains[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2025, 27(4):840-852.

[79] 倪军娥, 王龙, 郭丽娜, 等. 伊拉克 F 油田 Asmari 组连通性分析[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2020, 36(8):43-49.

[80] NI Jun'e, WANG Long, GUO Lina, et al. Research of reservoir connectivity in F Oilfield,Iraq[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2020, 36(8):43-49.

[81] 穆财能, 周荟佳, 陈安清, 等. 硅质碎屑一碳酸盐混合沉积:进展与分类新启示[J]. 沉积学报, 2025, 43(5):1857-1873.

[82] MU Caineng, ZHOU Huijia, CHEN Anqing, et al. Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate:progress and new revelations in classification[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2025, 43(5):1857-1873.

[83] 陶传奇, 王延斌, 倪小明, 等. 临兴地区上石炭统本溪组煤系气成藏关键时期[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2018, 47(3):531-537.

[84] TAO Chuanqi, WANG Yanbin, NI Xiaoming, et al. Key accumulation period for coal series gas reservoir in Upper Carboniferous Benxi Formation,Linxing Block[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2018, 47(3):531-537.

[85] 李明阳, 黎承银, 潘磊. 川东涪陵地区中侏罗统凉高山组致密砂岩储层特征及成因[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2024, 35(7):1150-1159.

[86] LI Mingyang, LI Chengyin, PAN Lei. Characteristics and genesis of tight sandstone reservoirs of Middle Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Fuling Area,Eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2024, 35(7):1150-1159.

[87] 崔改霞, 卢帆雨, 王松, 等. 陇东地区盒 8 段致密砂岩储层分类评价[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2021, 35(3):44-49.

[88] CUI Gaixia, LU Fanyu, WANG Song, et al. Classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoir of He 8 Member in Longdong Area[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2021, 35(3):44-49.

[89] 刘林, 刘向君, 桑琴, 等. 川西中坝致密砂岩气储层微观孔隙结构特征及分类评价[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(5):31-40.

[90] LIU Lin, LIU Xiangjun, SANG Qin, et al. Microscopic pore structure characteristics and classification evaluation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Zhongba Area of Western Sichuan[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 31(5):31-40.

基金资助

中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项(2023ZZ18YJ04)

中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项(2023ZZ16YJ03)