克百断裂带上盘石炭系火山喷发期次划分与火山岩分布规律

Division of volcanic eruption stages and distribution on the hanging wall of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Kebai Fault Zone

摘要

克百断裂带上盘石炭系火山岩岩性、岩相复杂多变,不同期次的火山岩叠置,地震反射特征杂乱,油气分布规律不清。根据地球化学分析、岩性、电性和地震等资料,明确研究区构造背景、地质年代及岩石学特征,建立火山岩喷发旋回与期次划分方案,明确火山岩分布规律。结果表明:克百断裂带为岛弧构造背景,年龄约为(316.8±2.9)Ma,发育一套火山熔岩向火山碎屑岩渐变的岩相序列;研究区发育1个喷发旋回,界面主要以不整合面和风化壳为标志。克百断裂带石炭系分为5个期次(C1-C5),C1期次主要为安山岩,顶部以凝灰质砂砾岩为沉积夹层;C2期次为安山岩与凝灰质砂砾岩互层,顶部以凝灰质砂砾岩为期次界面;C3和C4期次以凝灰质砂砾岩和凝灰岩构成的岩性、岩相为期次标志;C5期次发育凝灰质砂砾岩,为一套风化壳与侏罗系不整合接触。C1-C5期次的化学风化指数表现为蚀变强弱交替,平面上的火山熔岩由北向南发育,分布范围逐渐减小,火山喷发强度降低。该结果为研究区火山岩垂向序列刻画和火山岩不同期次空间分布提供指导。

Abstract

The volcanic rocks in the upper plate of the Kebai Fault Zone in the Carboniferous system exhibit complex and variable lithology and lithofacies, with multiple stages of volcanic rock superimposition, resulting in chaotic seismic reflection characteristics and unclear hydrocarbon distribution patterns. Based on integrated geochemical, lithological, well-log, and seismic data, the tectonic setting, geological age, and petrological characteristics of the study area were clarified, leading to the establishment of criteria for dividing volcanic eruption cycles and stages, as well as defining the distribution patterns of volcanic rocks. Results indicate that the Kebai Fault Zone developed in an island-arc tectonic setting, with an age of approximately (316.8±2.9) Ma, and exhibits a lithofacies sequence transitional from volcanic lava to pyroclastic rocks. One eruption cycle was identified in the study area, bounded primarily by unconformities and weathering crusts. The Carboniferous system in the Kebai Fault Zone can be divided into five stages (C1-C5): the C1 stage is dominated by andesite, with a sedimentary interlayer of tuffaceous sandy conglomerate at the top; the C2 stage consists of interbedded andesite and tuffaceous sandy conglomerate, topped by a tuffaceous sandy conglomerate marking the stage boundary; the C3 and C4 stages are characterized by tuffaceous sandy conglomerate and tuff as key lithological and lithofacies indicators; the C5 stage develops tuffaceous sandy conglomerate, forming a weathering crust in unconformable contact with the Jurassic strata. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values for stages C1-C5 show alternating intensity of alteration, reflecting periodic changes in weathering conditions. Laterally, volcanic lava extends from north to south with progressively reduced distribution and diminished eruption intensity. These results provide guidance for characterizing the vertical sequence and spatial distribution of different volcanic stages in the study area.

关键词

克百断裂带 / 石炭系 / 构造环境 / 火山喷发期次 / 火山岩 / 岩性分布规律

Key words

Kebai Fault Zone / Carboniferous system / tectonic environment / periodization of volcanic eruptions / volcanic rocks / regularity of lithological distribution

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42572181)

新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2025A01010-1)