致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构与天然气运聚动力学机制——以川中地区沙溪庙组为例

Microporosity structure of tight sandstone reservoirs and gas migration-accumulation mechanisms: a case study of the Shaximiao Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin

摘要

选取川中地区沙溪庙组致密砂岩岩心,进行高压压汞、微米CT扫描和核磁共振,以及天然气成藏物理模拟、在线动态物理模拟实验,明确致密砂岩孔隙结构,探讨致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构对天然气运聚的影响机制,建立致密砂岩储层天然气运移判别图版。结果表明:川中地区沙溪庙组发育四类储层,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层溶蚀作用强烈、绿泥石包壳发育,孔喉配置良好,孔喉比平均分别为2.27和3.08,配位数平均分别为2.63和2.38。Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类储层压实作用和胶结作用强烈,孔喉配置差,孔喉比平均分别为3.32和4.03。Ⅰ类储层最终含气饱和度为75.35%,Ⅳ类储层最终含气饱和度为48.50%。连通性较强的岩石具有更高的储集能力,喉道越宽且孔喉连通性越好,天然气驱替地层水克服的毛细管力越小,越有利于天然气的运移与聚集。天然气在致密砂岩储层中渗流存在非运移区、非稳定运移区和稳定运移区。该结果为致密砂岩气勘探与开发提供支持。

Abstract

Cores of tight sandstone from the Shaximiao Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin were selected for high-pressure mercury porosimetry, micro-CT scanning, and NMR analysis, along with natural gas accumulation physical simulation experiments and online dynamic physical simulation experiments. These studies aimed to clarify the pore structure of the tight sandstone samples, investigate the influence mechanism of micro-pore structure on natural gas transport and accumulation in tight sandstone reservoirs, and establish a natural gas migration discrimination chart for tight sandstone reservoirs. Results indicate that the Shaximiao Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin exhibits four reservoir types: Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ reservoirs exhibit intense dissolution, well-developed chlorite coatings, and favorable pore-throat configurations, with average pore-throat ratios of 2.27 and 3.08, and average coordination numbers of 2.63 and 2.38, respectively. Type Ⅲ and Ⅳ reservoirs exhibit intense compaction and cementation with poor pore-throat configuration, yielding average pore-throat ratios of 3.32 and 4.03, respectively. The ultimate gas saturation reaches 75.35% of Type Ⅰ reservoirs and 48.50% of Type Ⅳ reservoirs. Rocks with higher connectivity exhibit greater reservoir capacity. Wider throats and improved pore-throat connectivity reduce the capillary forces overcome by gas displacing formation water, thereby enhancing gas migration and accumulation. Natural gas in tight sandstone reservoirs exhibits non-migratory zones, non-stable migratory zones, and stable migratory zones. Based on rock physics simulation experiments, this study reveals the gas charging mechanisms in sandstones with different pore structures, providing important insights for guiding the development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

关键词

孔隙结构 / 天然气运聚 / 动力学机制 / 核磁共振 / 致密砂岩 / 沙溪庙组 / 川中地区

Key words

pore structure / natural gas migration and accumulation / dynamic mechanism / nuclear magnetic resonance / tight sandstone / Shaximiao Formation / Central Sichuan Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41972147)

中国石油西南油气田分公司科研项目(XNS勘研院JS2022-003)