浅水曲流河三角洲前缘沉积特征及模式——以川西坳陷南段白马庙地区蓬莱镇组为例

Sedimentary characteristics and models of shallow water meandering river delta front: a case study of Penglaizhen Formation in Baimamiao Area, West Sichuan Depression

摘要

基于岩心、薄片、测录井和三维地震等资料,分析川西坳陷南段白马庙地区蓬莱镇组浅水三角洲前缘亚相的沉积特征、沉积相展布及模式。结果表明:白马庙地区整体以细粒沉积物为主,局部可识别砾级粗碎屑,划分砾岩相、砂岩相、泥岩相三类岩相。研究区地形平坦、气候干旱炎热,砂体具有“薄层叠置、多期复合”的发育特点,在岩心上识别风暴沉积,指示蓬莱镇沉积期受风暴扰动的浅水三角洲前缘沉积。蓬三段-蓬四段主要发育水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等微相,河口坝多呈残余式、常被水下分流河道冲刷而叠置出现:席状砂体分布较广,平面呈条带状-枝网状的浅水三角洲前缘沉积。沉积模式主要受控于湖平面频繁波动及河流-湖浪改造,表现为湖退进积到湖进退积的演化规律。该结果为白马庙地区沉积相认识、川西蓬莱镇组及同类区域勘探开发提供参考。

Abstract

Based on data from cores, thin sections, logging-while-drilling, and 3D seismic surveys, this study analyzes the sedimentary characteristics, distribution, and models of the shallow delta front subfacies of the Penglaizhen Formation in the Baimamiao Area. The results indicate that the region is predominantly composed of fine-grained sediments, with locally identifiable gravel-sized clastics, categorized into three lithofacies: conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone. The flat terrain, arid and hot climate, and the developmental features of sand bodies characterized by “thin-layer stacking and multi-phase superposition” are noted. Storm deposits identified in cores suggest shallow delta front sedimentation during the Penglaizhen Formation period, influenced by storm disturbances. From Peng 3 to Peng 4 members primarily developed microfacies such as subaqueous distributary channels, mouth bars, and sheet sands. Mouth bars often appear as remnants, frequently overlaid by subaqueous distributary channels, while sheet sand bodies are widely distributed, forming a shallow delta front sedimentation with a striped-branching network pattern in plan view. The sedimentary model is primarily controlled by frequent lake-level fluctuations and fluvial-littoral reworking, exhibiting an evolutionary pattern from progradational to aggradational-progradational. These findings provide references for understanding sedimentary facies in the Baimamiao Area, as well as exploration and development in the Penglaizhen Formation of Western Sichuan and similar regions.

关键词

浅水三角洲 / 曲流河 / 沉积特征 / 沉积模式 / 风暴沉积 / 蓬莱镇组 / 白马庙地区 / 川西坳陷

Key words

shallow-water delta / meandering river / sedimentary characteristics / sedimentary model / storm deposite / Penglaizhen Formation / Baimamiao Area / West Sichuan Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42102133)