陆相断陷湖盆复合沉积体系储层成岩作用及发育模式——以银额盆地拐子湖凹陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组为例

Diagenesis and development of composite sedimentary system reservoirs in the continental rift lake basin: a case study of the Lower Cretaceous Bayingebi Formation in the Guaizihu Depression, Yin'e Basin

摘要

以银额盆地拐子湖凹陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组碎屑岩储层为例,采用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和流体包裹体测温等方法,研究拐子湖凹陷巴音戈壁组碎屑岩成岩作用与储层发育模式。结果表明:研究区发育三角洲-重力流复合沉积体系,其中,三角洲沉积体系发育泥石流与牵引流成因砂岩岩相,重力流沉积体系发育滑动-滑塌、砂质碎屑流及浊流成因砂岩岩相,不同岩相对应的储层成岩相差异显著。三角洲沉积体系中,以泥石流成因为主的储层成岩体系封闭性强,早期有机酸溶解产生的次生孔隙极易被后期方解石充填,导致方解石强胶结成岩相较为发育;以牵引流成因为主的储层物质循环能力强,次生孔隙不易被后期钙质成分充填,多以中等压实-强溶蚀成岩相为主,储层质量好。重力流沉积体系中,靠近斜坡和断层部位的浊积体易发生滑动-滑塌,导致碎屑颗粒与塑性泥质组分高度混合,整体抗压实能力差,发育强压实和假杂基塑性变形充填成岩相,储层质量差;远离斜坡和断层部位的浊积体以砂质碎屑流、浊流成因为主,砂质碎屑流发育中等压实-强溶蚀成岩相,储层物性最好;浊流成因砂体的长英质颗粒边缘发育绿泥石包壳且颗粒呈带状集中分布,能够有效提升储层整体的抗压实能力,泥质杂基难入侵砂质层内部,储层物性仅次于砂质碎屑流的。该结果为陆相断陷湖盆复合沉积体系碎屑岩油气勘探提供支持。

Abstract

Taking the clastic rock reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Bayingebi Formation in the Guaizihu Depression of the Yin'e Basin as the research object. This study comprehensively applied technical methods, including core observation, thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluid inclusion thermometry, to research the diagenesis and reservoir development mechanism of clastic rocks in the Bayingebi Formation of the Guaizihu Depression. The results indicate that the study area developed the complex sedimentary system of delta-gravity flow. In the delta sedimentary system, sandstone lithofacies of debris flow genesis and traction current genesis are developed; while in the gravity flow sedimentary system, sandstone lithofacies of slide-slump genesis, sandy debris flow genesis, and turbidity current genesis are developed. There are significant differences in the reservoir diagenetic facies corresponding to different lithofacies. In the delta plain facies, the reservoir diagenesis system of debris flow genesis is closed, and the secondary pores caused by the dissolution of organic acids in the early stage are easily filled by calcite in the later stage, resulting in the overall development of calcite strong cementation diagenetic facies. The clastic rock reservoirs of the delta front facies dominated by traction flow genesis have strong material recycling capacity, secondary pores are not easy to be filled by the later calcite cements, and the diagenetic facies are mainly of medium compaction-strong dissolution facies, and the quality of the reservoirs is good. In the gravity flow sedimentary system, sandstones near slopes and faults are prone to sliding-slump, resulting in a high degree of mixing of detrital particles and plastic muddy matrix, so that the overall compaction resistance is poor, and the diagenetic facies are mostly of the strong-compaction facies and pseudo-matrix plastic deformation-filling facies, making the reservoir quality poor. The sandstones far away from slopes and faults are mostly of sandy debris flow and turbidity current genesis, which reservoirs quality is good. In the sandy debris flow genesis clastic rock reservoirs are mainly determined by medium compaction-strong dissolution facies, the physical property is best. In turbidity current genesis clastic rock reservoirs, the feldspar and quartz particles distribute centrally as bands, and combined with the chlorite coating attached to the particle edges, the overall compaction resistance of the reservoir is greatly improved, which makes the muddy matrix hard to intrude into the sandy layer, and the reservoir physical properties is only less than sandy debris flow genesis.

关键词

陆相断陷湖盆 / 沉积体系 / 成岩作用 / 发育模式 / 碎屑岩储层 / 巴音戈壁组 / 下白垩统 / 拐子湖凹陷 / 银额盆地

Key words

continental rift lake basin / sedimentary system / diagenesis / development mode / clastic reservoir / Bayingebi Formation / Lower Cretaceous / Guaizihu Depression / Yin'e Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42202170)

中国石化科技攻关项目(P23228)

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院项目(CY2024-03)