天府气田须家河组四段近源致密砂岩气成藏特征及主控因素

Accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of near-source tight sandstone gas in the fourth member of Xujiahe Formation in Tianfu Gas Field

摘要

天府地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏成因复杂、气水分布规律不清。基于天然气组分、天然气碳同位素、岩石抽提物色谱、总有机碳、岩石热解、铸体薄片和非常规孔渗测井等资料，根据生产测试数据，研究天府地区须家河组气藏特征、成藏地质特征和成藏主控因素。结果表明：天府气田须家河组四段（须四段）具有＂南北分区、东西分带＂的气水分布特征，南部地区以产气为主，北部地区多产水或气水同出，西缘较东缘整体含气性好；须四段天然气为须家河组三段上亚段（须三上亚段）烃源岩成熟一高成熟演化阶段产物。须三上亚段烃源岩以III型干酪根为主，厚度大，有机质丰度高，供烃能力充足；须四段发育粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔等类型储集空间，北部地区整体储层物性优于南部地区的；天府地区发育砂体型和断—砂复合型输导体系；须家河组五段（须五段）厚层炭质泥页岩为须四段天然气聚集成藏提供良好的保存条件。须四段致密砂岩气成藏受源储配置、储层物性、输导体系和多期充注等因素控制，其中，源储配置差异控制天府气田平面上＂西气东水＂的分布格局；南北部地区储层物性差异控制有效岩性圈闭的形成；断裂和稳定分布的砂体组成的优质输导体系为天然气运移提供优势通道；多期充注为须四段形成规模气藏创造前提条件。南部地区具有＂优质源储配置控制供烃、物性控制圈闭类型、断砂输导体系助运、多期充注控富＂的成藏特点，北部地区具有＂优质烃源岩供烃、断层垂向输导、低幅度构造聚集＂的特征。该结果为深化近源致密砂岩气成藏认识、指导天府地区须家河组后续勘探部署提供支持。

Abstract

The tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation in Tianfu Area of the slope zone were characterized by complex genesis and unclear gas-water distribution, which restricted the subsequent exploration deployment. Based on the analysis methods of natural gas composition, natural gas carbon isotope, rock extract chromatography, total organic carbon, rock pyrolysis, casting thin section, unconventional porosity and permeability logging, combined with production test data, the gas reservoir characteristics, reservoir-forming geological conditions and main controlling factors of Xujiahe Formation in Tianfu Area were studied. The results showed that the fourth member of Xujiahe Formation(the Xu-4 Member) in Tianfu Gas Field had the gas-water distribution characteristics of north-south division and east-west zoning. The southern area was dominated by gas production, and the northern area was mostly water production or gas-water production. The overall gas-bearing property of the western margin was better than that of the eastern margin. The natural gas in Xu-4 Member was the product of ma-ture-high mature evolution stage of source rock in the upper sub-member of the third member of Xujiahe Formation. The source rocks of the upper third member of Xujiahe Formation were mainly type III kerogen, with large thickness, high organic matter abundance and sufficient hydrocarbon supply capacity. The Xu-4 Member developed intragranular dissolved pores and intergranular dissolved pores, and the overall reservoir physical properties in north were better than those in south. Sand body and fault-sand composite transport system were developed in Tianfu Area. The thick carbonaceous shale in the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation(Xu-5 Member) provided good preservation conditions for natural gas accumulation in Xu-4 Member. The tight gas accumulation in Xu-4 Member was controlled by factors such as source-reservoir configuration, reservoir physical properties, transport system and multi-stage filling. The difference in source-reservoir configuration controled the distribution pattern of west gas and east water in the plane of Tianfu Gas Field. Whether the difference of reservoir physical properties in the north and south could control the formation of effective lithologic traps, and the high-quality transport system composed of faults and stably distributed sand bodies provided dominant channels for natural gas migration. Multi-stage filling created a prerequisite for the formation of large-scale gas reservoirs in Xu4 Member. The southern region had the characteristics of high-quality source-reservoir configuration controls hydrocarbon supply, physical property controls trap type, fault sand transport system helps transport, and multi-stage charging controlled enrichment. The northern region had the characteristics of high-quality source rock supply, vertical fault transport, and low-amplitude structural accumulation. The results provide theoretical support for deepening the understanding of near-source tight sandstone gas accumulation and guiding the subsequent exploration and deployment of Xujiahe Formation in Tianfu Area.

关键词

近源致密砂岩气 / 成藏特征 / 主控因素 / 须四段 / 天府气田 / 四川盆地

Key words

near-source tight sandstone gas / accumulation characteristics / main controlling factors / Xu4 Member / Tianfu Gas Field / Sichuan Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41872165)

中国石油西南油气田分公司科技项目(20230301-09)

中国石油西南油气田分公司科研项目(JS2023-036)