玛南斜坡二叠系上乌尔禾组致密砂砾岩储层特征及成因模式

Characteristics and genesis model of tight sandy conglomerate reservoirs of the Permian Upper Urho Formation in Manan slope area

摘要

玛湖凹陷南斜坡(玛南斜坡)二叠系上乌尔禾组发现大型连续型砂砾岩油藏群。根据研究区钻录井资料、铸体薄片分析、扫描电镜观察及物性测试数据,分析储层岩石学特征、储集空间类型与成岩演化等,厘清致密砂砾岩储层的物性影响因素,研究优质储层成因模式。结果表明:研究区上乌尔禾组储层岩性主要以砂砾岩和含砾砂岩为主,整体表现“一高三低”的特征,即塑性岩屑体积分数高,成分成熟度、结构成熟度与填隙物体积分数低;储集空间主要由剩余粒间孔和粒内溶孔构成,整体属于特低孔隙度和特低渗透率类型,孔喉结构呈微孔-细喉特征,整体渗流能力较弱;影响致密砂砾岩储层物性的主要因素包括岩石成分、沉积微相特征、成岩作用及微裂缝发育程度,优质储层的分布主要受有利岩石成分、建设性成岩作用及地层超压等因素控制。玛南斜坡上乌尔禾组为“沉积作用控制、成岩作用改造、裂缝网络连通、超压效应改善”四位一体的优质储层成因模式。该结果为玛湖凹陷上乌尔禾组勘探开发提供指导。

Abstract

A large continuous sand gravel oil reservoir group has been discovered in Permian Upper Urho Formation, south slope of Mahu Sag. Based on drilling and logging data, casting thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy observation, and physical property testing data in the research area, analyze the petrological characteristics, storage space types and diagenetic evolution of reservoirs, clarify the factors affecting the physical properties of tight sandstone reservoirs and summarize the genetic model of high-quality reservoirs. Research shows that: the lithology of the Upper Urho Formation reservoir is mainly composed of fan delta sandstone and conglomerate, as well as gravel bearing sandstone, with the characteristics of one high and three lows: high plastic rock fragment volume fraction and low compositional maturity, low structural maturity, low filler content. The storage space is mainly composed of residual intergranular pores and intragranular dissolved pores, belonging to the type of ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability. The pore throat structure generally presents micropore fine throat characteristics and the pore size distribution is mainly skewed. The overall pore throat structure is characterized by micropores and fine throats, with a slight deviation in flow conditions. The main factors affecting the physical properties of tight sandstone reservoirs include rock composition, sedimentary microfacies characteristics, diagenesis and the degree of microcrack development. The distribution of high-quality reservoirs is mainly controlled by favorable rock composition, constructive diagenesis that promotes pore development and abnormal high pressure. These three main factors control the spatial distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs. A high-quality reservoir genesis model was established for Permian Upper Urho Formation in Manan slope area, which integrates sedimentation control, diagenesis transformation, fracture network connectivity and overpressure effect improvement. The results provide guidance for the exploration and development of the Upper Urho Formation in the Mahu Sag.

关键词

玛湖凹陷 / 上乌尔禾组 / 致密砂砾岩 / 储层特征 / 主控因素 / 成岩作用 / 成因模式

Key words

Mahu Sag / Upper Urho Formation / tight sandy conglomerate / reservoir characteristics / main controlling factors / diagenesis / genetic model

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基金资助

中国石油天然气集团有限公司重大专项(2023ZZ24YJ02)