塔里木盆地西北缘阿克苏地区南华系-震旦系层序及构造-沉积演化模式

Sequence stratigraphy and tectonic-sedimentary evolution model of the Cryogenian-Ediacaran System in the Aksu Area, northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin

摘要

塔里木盆地西北缘南华系-震旦系为塔里木盆地油气勘探潜力层系。以阿克苏地区尤尔美那克和肖尔布拉克西沟剖面为基础,根据野外实测、薄片分析和地震资料,分析岩性标志、沉积构造标志特征,进行层序界面识别与沉积相分析,研究层序地层与沉积演化模式。结果表明:研究区南华系-震旦系划分为5个二级层序和10个三级层序,分别对应裂谷期和裂拗转换期构造阶段。裂谷期,南华系西方山组至牧羊滩组发育扇三角洲、浅海陆棚、浊积扇及冰川相等沉积体系,划分为2个二级层序、5个三级层序,裂谷期晚期,地层抬升,水体变浅,进入裂拗转换期;裂拗转换期,南华系冬屋组至震旦系奇格布拉克组表现为冰川-无障壁海岸-浅海陆棚-碳酸盐岩缓坡的沉积序列,反映水体由浅变深再变浅的过程,划分为3个二级层序、5个三级层序,其中震旦系奇格布拉克组发育典型微生物碳酸盐岩,形成碳酸盐岩台地。塔里木西北缘南华系-震旦系经历从裂谷拉张到热沉降拗陷的构造演化过程,控制层序结构和沉积体系的时空展布,具备形成古老碳酸盐岩油气藏的构造-沉积背景,具备生烃潜力与储集条件。该结果为塔里木盆地西北缘深层油气勘探提供地质依据。

Abstract

The Cryogenian-Ediacaran strata in the Aksu area, located on the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin, represent a potential hydrocarbon exploration target in the Tarim Basin. Based on the Yurmeinake and Xiaorbulak Xigou sections in the Aksu Area, through field measurements and thin-section analysis, combined with seismic data and previous research findings, sequence boundary identification and sedimentary facies analysis were conducted using lithological and sedimentary structural markers to investigate sequence stratigraphic and sedimentary evolution characteristics. The results show that the Cryogenian-Ediacaran succession in the study area can be divided into five second-order sequences and ten third-order sequences, corresponding to two tectonic stages: the rift stage and the rift-depression transition stage. During the rift stage, the Xifangshan Formation to the Muyangtan Formation of the Cryogenian developed depositional systems including fan delta, shallow marine shelf, turbidite fan, and glacial facies, which are subdivided into two second-order sequences and five third-order sequences. In the late rift stage, strata underwent uplift and shallowing of the water body, transitioning into the rift-depression transition stage. During the rift-depression transition stage, the Dongwu Formation of the Cryogenian to the Qigebulake Formation of the Ediacaran exhibit a sedimentary sequence ranging from glacial to barrier-free coast, shallow marine shelf, and carbonate ramp, reflecting a process of water depth changing from shallow to deep and then back to shallow. This stage is divided into three second-order sequences and five third-order sequences, among which the Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation developed typical microbial carbonates, forming a carbonate platform. The Cryogenian-Ediacaran succession on the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin underwent a tectonic evolution from rifting extension to thermal subsidence depression, which controlled the sequence architecture and spatiotemporal distribution of depositional systems. This setting provides a tectono-sedimentary background favorable for the formation of ancient carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs, with both hydrocarbon generation potential and reservoir conditions. The results provide a geological basis for deep hydrocarbon exploration on the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin.

关键词

塔里木盆地 / 阿克苏地区 / 南华系 / 震旦系 / 层序地层 / 构造-沉积演化

Key words

Tarim Basin / Aksu Area / Gryogenian System / Ediacaran System / sequence stratigraphy / tectono-sedimentary evolution

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基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05004-001-004)