莺歌海盆地乐东区上新统坡折带演化特征及有利区预测

Evolutionary characteristics of the slope-break belts and prediction of favorable zones in the Ledong Area of the Yinggehai Basin during the Pliocene

摘要

莺歌海盆地乐东区莺歌海组一段(莺一段)沉积时期,陆架边缘向海持续推进,坡折控制下的沉积体系类型多样且空间配置关系复杂。根据高精度三维地震及钻井资料,精细刻画陆架边缘坡折带迁移轨迹,分析乐东区坡折带演化特征及其控砂沉积模式,明确有利相带分布,进行有利区预测。结果表明:研究区坡折带迁移角度呈先增大后减小的趋势,可划分为平直型、低角度上升型和高角度上升型3种坡折带迁移轨迹类型,不同轨迹类型反映可容纳空间与物源供应变化速率之比。研究区发育盆底扇、块体流、斜坡扇、滑塌扇、滑塌、滩坝、浊积水道和浊积朵体8种沉积微相类型,建立平直型、低角度上升型、高角度上升型陆架迁移轨迹3种控砂沉积模式,平直型陆架迁移轨迹控砂沉积模式下,陆架边缘易发生大规模失稳滑塌,陆坡区形成广泛分布的滑塌碎屑流沉积;低角度上升型陆架迁移轨迹有利于碎屑物质在长缓坡上沉积分异,形成斜坡扇沉积;高角度上升型陆架迁移轨迹有利于地层的垂向堆积与保存,但向坡下输送的沉积物相对有限。莺一段沉积晚期为有利砂体发育的重要时期,低角度上升型陆架迁移轨迹是有利的坡折类型,滩坝及斜坡扇是较好的储集体,底辟翼部坡折带以上的滩坝富集区、坡折带上的斜坡扇发育区与气田之间的岩性圈闭为潜在有利区。该结果为研究区勘探开发一体化目标评价提供依据。

Abstract

During the deposition of the first member of the Yinggehai Formation (Ying-1 Member) in the Ledong Area of the Yinggehai Basin, the shelf margin prograded continuously seaward, resulting in depositional systems controlled by slope breaks with diverse types and complex spatial configurations. Based on high-resolution 3D seismic and drilling data, we delineated the migration trajectories of the shelf-edge slope-break belts, analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of the slope-break belts and their sand-control depositional models in the Ledong Area, identified the distribution of favorable facies belts, and predicted favorable zones. The results show that the migration angle of the slope-break belts in the study area initially increases and then decreases, and the slope breaks can be classified into three types of shelf-margin migration trajectories: flat, low-angle rising, and high-angle rising. These trajectory types reflect the ratio of the rate of change in accommodation space to sediment supply. Eight types of microfacies are recognized: basin-floor fans, mass-flow deposits, slope fans, slump fans, slumps, beach bars, turbidite channels, and turbidite lobes. Three corresponding sand-control depositional models were established: the flat, low-angle rising, and high-angle rising shelf-margin migration trajectory models. Under the flat trajectory model, large-scale instability and slumping tend to occur at the shelf edge, generating widely distributed slump and debris-flow deposits on the continental slope. The low-angle rising trajectory promotes sediment differentiation along a long, gentle slope, forming slope-fan depositional systems. The high-angle rising trajectory favors vertical aggradation and preservation of strata but delivers relatively limited sediment downslope. The late stage of the Ying-1 Member deposition is a critical period for the development of favorable sand bodies. The low-angle rising shelf-margin migration trajectory represents the favorable slope-break belt type, with beach bars and slope fans serving as good reservoir bodies. Potential favorable targets include lithologic traps within beach-bar enrichment zones above the slope-break belts on diapir flanks, and lithologic traps between the slope-fan development areas on the slope-break belts and the gas fields. These results provide a basis for integrated exploration and development target evaluation in the study area.

关键词

莺歌海盆地 / 乐东区 / 莺一段 / 坡折带 / 迁移轨迹 / 沉积微相 / 控砂沉积模式

Key words

Yinggehai Basin / Ledong Area / first member of the Yinggehai Formation / slope-break belts / migration trajectory / depositional microfacies / sand-control mechanism

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基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1407400)

海南省“南海新星”科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202368)