超深层致密砂岩储层孔隙结构特征及分类评价——以呼图壁地区喀拉扎组二段为例

Pore structure characteristics, classification and evaluation of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study from the second member of the Kalazha Formation in the Hutubi Area

摘要

呼图壁地区侏罗系喀拉扎组为准噶尔盆地南缘区块增储上产的主力产层。基于岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞及成像测井等实验方法,定量表征喀拉扎组二段储层孔隙结构,对研究区储层进行分类评价。结果表明:呼图壁地区喀拉扎组二段储层岩性以中细砂岩为主,异常超压和粗粒结构是剩余粒间孔保存的关键,高含量杂基是初始孔隙结构普遍较差的主要原因。以主要流动孔喉半径为孔隙结构的表征参数,将储层孔隙结构分为3类,Ⅰ类储层物性最好,主要流动孔喉半径普遍大于0.3μm;Ⅱ类储层物性一般,主要流动孔喉半径分布于0.1~0.3μm;Ⅲ类储层微观孔隙结构较为均质,主要流动孔喉半径普遍小于0.1μm。Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层孔隙结构较好,为有利勘探目标。该结果对呼图壁地区侏罗系油气藏高效开发具有指导意义。

Abstract

The second member of Kalazha Formation of Jurassic in Hutubi Region has frequently achieved breakthroughs in oil and gas discoveries, becoming the primary producing layer for increasing reserves and boosting production in the southern margin block of the Junggar Basin. This study conducted qualitative description and quantitative analysis on reservoir pore structures in the second member of Kalazha Formation, using core photographs, cast thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, and imaging logging. And the reservoir was classified and evaluated based on its pore structure. The results show: the reservoir lithology of the second member of Kalazha Formation is predominantly composed of medium to fine-grained sandstones. Abnormal overpressure and coarse-grained texture are key factors for the preservation of residual intergranular pores, while high matrix content is the primary reason for the generally poor initial pore structure. Using main flow radius as the characterization parameter, reservoir pore structures are divided into three types. Type Ⅰ reservoirs exhibit the best physical properties, with the dominant flow pore-throat radius generally greater than 0.3 μm. Type Ⅱ reservoirs have average physical properties. The dominant flow pore-throat radii range from 0.1 to 0.3 μm. Type Ⅲ reservoirs feature a relatively homogeneous microscopic pore structure. The dominant flow pore-throat radius are generally less than 0.1 μm. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ reservoirs exhibit superior pore structures and are prioritized for further development. The logging evaluation model which established based on the pore structure classification exhibits a strong correlation with productivity. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ reservoirs are identified as favorable exploration targets. These findings provide significant guidance for the efficient development of Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs in the Hutubi Area.

关键词

致密砂岩 / 孔隙结构 / 储层分类 / 主要流动孔喉半径 / 控制因素 / 喀拉扎组二段 / 呼图壁地区 / 准噶尔盆地

Key words

tight sandstone / pore structure / reservoir classification / main flow pore-throat radius / controlling factors / second member of Kalazha Formation / Hutubi Area / Junggar Basin

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基金资助

新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅项目(XQZX20230053)

新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”项目(2023TSYCJC0010)

克拉玛依市创新人才项目(2025DB0156)