藏药“嘎肖”不同品系的鉴别研究
南杰草 , 索郎拉宗 , 刘星星 , 秀老 , 尼珍
西南民族大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2) : 129 -135.
藏药“嘎肖”不同品系的鉴别研究
Identification of different strains in Tibetan medicine“Ga Xiao”
明确藏药“嘎肖”的基原植物具体分类,并厘清其与同科不同属的“敏间”(臭蚤草)的物种差异,为二者准确鉴定提供科学依据.以采自西藏地区的5种“嘎肖”(垂头菊)和“敏间”(臭蚤草)为研究对象,采用植物形态学及花粉粒微形态学方法,系统比较其宏观形态与花粉粒微观特征,分析“嘎肖”种内变异及其与“敏间”的种间差异.研究发现:(1)藏药“嘎肖”分为3大类,分别是“嘎肖棋哇(俄嘎)”(车前状垂头菊)、“嘎肖琼哇”(天山千里光)和“嘎肖让哇”(喜马拉雅垂头菊),其余形态差异主要源于生境引起的种内变异;(2)“俄嘎(嘎肖棋哇)”与“敏间纳布”虽形态部分相似,但二者在关键鉴别性状上存在显著差异.研究明确了“嘎肖”的内部分类及其与“敏间”的鉴别特征,可为该类藏药材的精准鉴定与质量控制提供依据.
This paper clarified the specific classification of the basal plant of the Tibetan medicine “Ga Xiao” and elucidated its differences with “Minjian” (Pulicaria insignis), from different genera within the same family, so as to provide a scientific basis for their accurate identification. Five species of “Ga Xiao” (Cremanthodium) and “Minjian” (Pulicaria insignis) collected from the Xizang region were used as research subjects. Plant morphology and pollen grain micromorphology methods were employed to systematically compare their macroscopic morphological and pollen grain microscopic characteristics, analyzing the intraspecific variety of “Gaxiao” and its interspecific differences with“Minjian”.The findings are as follows:(1) Tibetan medicine“Ga xiao”is divided into three main categories: “Ga Xiao Qiwa (Ega)” (C. ellisii), “Ga Xiao Qiongwa” (Senecio thianschanicus), and “Ga Xiao Rangwa” (C. pleurocaule). Other morphological differences were mainly due to intraspecific variation caused by habitat. Although these three original plants have their own names, they are commonly referred to as “Ga Xiao” in various regions. Due to frequent confusion between names and materials, “Ga Xiao” is adopted as the general term. (2) Although “Ega (Ga Xiao Qiwa)” and “Minjian” share some morphological similarities, they belong to different genera (Cremanthodium vs. Pulicaria), and show significant differences in key diagnostic characteristics. This study clarifies the internal classification of “Ga Xiao” and its diagnostic features compared with “Minjian”, which provided a basis for the accurate identification and quality control of these Tibetan medicinal materials.
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西藏藏医药大学2025博士点建设项目(BSDJS-25-05)
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