补播对沙化高寒草甸植物群落和土壤理化特征及生产力的恢复效果研究
赵琼 , 陈磊 , 孙涛 , 赵景学 , 田莉华
西南民族大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3) : 244 -251.
补播对沙化高寒草甸植物群落和土壤理化特征及生产力的恢复效果研究
Effects of reseeding on the restoration of plant community, soil physicochemical properties, and productivity in a desertified alpine meadow
为探究补播恢复措施对川西北沙化高寒草甸植物群落特征、生产力及土壤理化特征的影响,于2019年4月选取了原生样地、沙化样地和补播恢复样地3类样地,其中补播样地选取了沙化样地生境相近的样地,经人工混合补播方式,按燕麦(Avena sativa L.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)10∶3∶3的比例进行补播,补播后的第3年对比研究原生样地、沙化样地和恢复样地间植物群落和土壤理化特征的差异,以期阐明补播恢复措施后高寒沙化草甸植物群落特征和生产力的恢复效果及其影响因子.结果显示,与沙化样地相比,补播恢复样地的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和优势度指数均显著增高,三者分别提高355.55%、201.33%和97.89%(P<0.05),而与原生样地相比,分别相差18.00%、4.57%和0.27%.补播恢复措施显著提高了沙化样地的生产力,使得地上生物量和地下生物量较沙化样地分别提高了2 852.65%和164.45%,但仍显著低于原生样地,较原生样地显著下降了48.67%和68.98%(P<0.05).恢复样地的土壤容重较沙化样地显著降低13.00%,土壤含水量显著增加390.13%(P<0.05).同时,恢复样地的土壤有机碳、全氮和铵态氮含量增加了87.14%、88.24%和12.50%,但未达显著水平(P>0.05).结果表明,补播恢复措施短期内可以显著提高植物物种多样性,促进植物群落的恢复并实现生产力的提升,对高寒沙化草甸土壤含水量、容重和养分含量也起到了明显的改善作用.
To investigate the effects of reseeding restoration measures on plant community characteristics, productivity and soil physicochemical properties in alpine desertified meadows in northwestern Sichuan, three types of plots were selected: native plots, desertified plots, and reseeded restored plots in April 2019. The restored plots were selected from areas with habitats similar to the desertified plots. A mixed reseeding approach was adopted using Avena sativa L., Elymus nutans, and Poa crymophila at a seed ratio of 10∶3∶3. In the third year after reseeding, a comparative study was conducted to examine the differences in plant communities and soil physicochemical properties among native, desertified, and restored plots, aiming to clarify the restoration effects and influencing factors. The results showed that compared to the desertified plots, the species richness, diversity, and dominance indices in the restored plots increased significantly by 355.55%, 201.33%, and 97.89%, respectively(P<0.05). However, these indices remained 18.00%, 4.57%, and 0.27% lower, respectively, than those in the native plots. Reseeding restoration significantly enhanced productivity, with aboveground and belowground biomass increasing by 2 852.65% and 164.45%, respectively, compared to the desertified plots, but they were still significantly lower than those in the native plots by 48.67% and 68.98%, respectively (P<0.05). Soil bulk density in the restored plots was significantly reduced by 13.00% compared to that in the desertified plots, and soil water content was significantly increased by 390.13% (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared to the desertified plots, the restored plots showed increases of 87.14%, 88.24%, and 12.50% in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen contents, respectively, although none of these increases reached statistical significance (P>0.05). This study demonstrated that reseeding restoration measures could, in the short term, significantly enhance plant species diversity, promote the recovery of plant communities, and increase productivity, and also play a significant role in improving soil water content, bulk density, and nutrient content in alpine desertified meadows.
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国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507702)
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